External photoevaporation in the center of Tr14

Abstract

Most stars form in massive stellar clusters, where intense far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from OB stars can accelerate the dispersal of protoplanetary disks through external photoevaporation. Quantifying the impact of this process on disk evolution remains challenging, particularly in distant and crowded star-forming regions. We investigate the low-mass stellar population in the highly irradiated center of Trumpler 14 and examine how the local FUV radiation field influences circumstellar disk evolution. We extracted stellar spectra from VLT/MUSE observations using an enhanced background-optimized extraction method, carefully corrected for instrumental response as a function of wavelength and finally derived the stellar parameters with the SAPSAL deep-learning framework. We combined these results with a probabilistic estimate of the local FUV field and near-infrared photometry to identify disk-bearing stars. We identify 310 bona fide cluster members with an age of 0.66^+0.73_−0.35 Myr and local radiation fields spanning log(FUV)≃4.2−6.0 G₀. The fraction of stars exhibiting near-infrared excess decreases from 30% at the lowest FUV fluxes to under 5% at log(FUV)≳5.6 G₀, while no significant correlation is found between our simplified estimate of the optical veiling and the local FUV field. The pronounced decline in the disk fraction with ambient FUV flux provides strong evidence for external photoevaporation rapidly dispersing circumstellar disks in the core of Trumpler 14. Our results confirm previous disk dispersal estimates and extend to higher values of the FUV field strength.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{gkimisi2026external,
  title = {{External photoevaporation in the center of Tr14}},
  author = {Katia Gkimisi and Da Eun Kang and Dominika Itrich and Rossella Anania and Eleonora Fiorellino and Sacha Gavino and Ralf S. Klessen and Victor F. Ksoll and Giuseppe Milazzo and Anna McLeod and Thomas Preibisch and Veronica Roccatagliata and Leonardo Testi and Claudia Toci},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.28648},
  eprint = {2609.28648},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28648},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - External photoevaporation in the center of Tr14
AU  - Katia Gkimisi
AU  - Da Eun Kang
AU  - Dominika Itrich
AU  - Rossella Anania
AU  - Eleonora Fiorellino
AU  - Sacha Gavino
AU  - Ralf S. Klessen
AU  - Victor F. Ksoll
AU  - Giuseppe Milazzo
AU  - Anna McLeod
AU  - Thomas Preibisch
AU  - Veronica Roccatagliata
AU  - Leonardo Testi
AU  - Claudia Toci
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/23
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.28648
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28648
AB  - Most stars form in massive stellar clusters, where intense far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from OB stars can accelerate the dispersal of protoplanetary disks through external photoevaporation. Quantifying the impact of this process on disk evolution remains challenging, particularly in distant and crowded star-forming regions. We investigate the low-mass stellar population in the highly irradiated center of Trumpler 14 and examine how the local FUV radiation field influences circumstellar disk evolution. We extracted stellar spectra from VLT/MUSE observations using an enhanced background-optimized extraction method, carefully corrected for instrumental response as a function of wavelength and finally derived the stellar parameters with the SAPSAL deep-learning framework. We combined these results with a probabilistic estimate of the local FUV field and near-infrared photometry to identify disk-bearing stars. We identify 310 bona fide cluster members with an age of 0.66^+0.73_−0.35 Myr and local radiation fields spanning log(FUV)≃4.2−6.0 G_0. The fraction of stars exhibiting near-infrared excess decreases from 30% at the lowest FUV fluxes to under 5% at log(FUV)≳5.6 G_0, while no significant correlation is found between our simplified estimate of the optical veiling and the local FUV field. The pronounced decline in the disk fraction with ambient FUV flux provides strong evidence for external photoevaporation rapidly dispersing circumstellar disks in the core of Trumpler 14. Our results confirm previous disk dispersal estimates and extend to higher values of the FUV field strength.
ER  -

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