All-Orders Classical Soft Graviton Theorems in the Newtonian Limit and Beyond
Abstract
The classical soft graviton theorem aims to determine certain terms in the early- and late-time tails of the gravitational waveform produced in a scattering process, using only the asymptotic momenta of the scattered objects. In this paper we find an infinite series of leading-logarithmic tail terms in the Newtonian limit, where the incoming and outgoing particles move slowly, but the scattering itself can be violent. The all-orders conjecture of Alessio, Di Vecchia and Heissenberg agrees with our results for two-particle scattering, but does not hold in general when the initial or final state contains three or more particles. We also propose an all-orders conjecture for these tails beyond the Newtonian limit, but do not prove it. Nevertheless, the conjecture passes several nontrivial consistency checks.
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BibTeX
@misc{karan2026allorders,
title = {{All-Orders Classical Soft Graviton Theorems in the Newtonian Limit and Beyond}},
author = {Debanjan Karan and Babli Khatun and Raghu Mahajan and Biswajit Sahoo and Ashoke Sen},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.07134},
eprint = {2610.07134},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07134},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - All-Orders Classical Soft Graviton Theorems in the Newtonian Limit and Beyond
AU - Debanjan Karan
AU - Babli Khatun
AU - Raghu Mahajan
AU - Biswajit Sahoo
AU - Ashoke Sen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.07134
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07134
AB - The classical soft graviton theorem aims to determine certain terms in the early- and late-time tails of the gravitational waveform produced in a scattering process, using only the asymptotic momenta of the scattered objects. In this paper we find an infinite series of leading-logarithmic tail terms in the Newtonian limit, where the incoming and outgoing particles move slowly, but the scattering itself can be violent. The all-orders conjecture of Alessio, Di Vecchia and Heissenberg agrees with our results for two-particle scattering, but does not hold in general when the initial or final state contains three or more particles. We also propose an all-orders conjecture for these tails beyond the Newtonian limit, but do not prove it. Nevertheless, the conjecture passes several nontrivial consistency checks.
ER -