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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCRSC advances

Green-synthesized iron–zinc oxide nanomaterials immobilized on Morus alba sawdust for highly sensitive optical glucose sensing

  • Akhtar Hayat1
  • Murtaza2
  • Essam R. I. Mahmoud3
  • Muhammad Asad2
  • Noaman Khan2
  • Mohibullah Shah4
  • Khaled Fahmi Fawy5
  • Amir Badshah2
  • Umar Nishan2
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah Madinah 42351 Saudi Arabia
  2. 2Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat 26000 KP Pakistan
  3. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah Madinah 42351 Saudi Arabia
  4. 4Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 66000 Pakistan
  5. 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University AlQuraa Abha Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

Glucose is a prime source of energy for the human body, and its concentration is a vital biomarker for various pathological conditions. Despite the availability of multiple platforms for glucose sensing, significant efforts are still needed to develop a complete package that is inexpensive, easy to operate, rapid, environmentally friendly, and sensitive. The current work capitalizes on the presence of reductants in Citrus sinensis and the porous surface morphology of Morus alba sawdust. We deposited iron and zinc oxide on sawdust as an ingenious approach to enhance electron mobility in the fabricated system. The synthesized material, i.e., iron and zinc oxide deposited on sawdust (Fe–ZnO@SD), was characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and elemental mapping. The proposed method was successfully applied to detect glucose using the chromogenic substrate tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). We optimized various parameters that play a vital role in the sensor's performance. Under the optimized conditions, the fabricated sensor detected glucose over a wide linear range of 9–81 µM, with an R2 of 0.996 and LOQ and LOD of 0.57 and 0.17 µM, respectively. The selectivity of the fabricated sensor was confirmed in physiological solutions and urine samples, exhibiting high linearity within the tested concentration ranges.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hayat2026greensynthesized,
  title = {{Green-synthesized iron–zinc oxide nanomaterials immobilized on Morus alba sawdust for highly sensitive optical glucose sensing}},
  author = {Akhtar Hayat and Murtaza and Essam R. I. Mahmoud and Muhammad Asad and Noaman Khan and Mohibullah Shah and Khaled Fahmi Fawy and Amir Badshah and Umar Nishan},
  journal = {RSC advances},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1039/d6ra05736e},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13659816},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Green-synthesized iron–zinc oxide nanomaterials immobilized on Morus alba sawdust for highly sensitive optical glucose sensing
AU  - Akhtar Hayat
AU  - Murtaza
AU  - Essam R. I. Mahmoud
AU  - Muhammad Asad
AU  - Noaman Khan
AU  - Mohibullah Shah
AU  - Khaled Fahmi Fawy
AU  - Amir Badshah
AU  - Umar Nishan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
JO  - RSC advances
DO  - 10.1039/d6ra05736e
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13659816
AB  - Glucose is a prime source of energy for the human body, and its concentration is a vital biomarker for various pathological conditions. Despite the availability of multiple platforms for glucose sensing, significant efforts are still needed to develop a complete package that is inexpensive, easy to operate, rapid, environmentally friendly, and sensitive. The current work capitalizes on the presence of reductants in Citrus sinensis and the porous surface morphology of Morus alba sawdust. We deposited iron and zinc oxide on sawdust as an ingenious approach to enhance electron mobility in the fabricated system. The synthesized material, i.e., iron and zinc oxide deposited on sawdust (Fe–ZnO@SD), was characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and elemental mapping. The proposed method was successfully applied to detect glucose using the chromogenic substrate tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). We optimized various parameters that play a vital role in the sensor's performance. Under the optimized conditions, the fabricated sensor detected glucose over a wide linear range of 9–81 µM, with an R2 of 0.996 and LOQ and LOD of 0.57 and 0.17 µM, respectively. The selectivity of the fabricated sensor was confirmed in physiological solutions and urine samples, exhibiting high linearity within the tested concentration ranges.
SN  - 2046-2069
ER  -