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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nanomaterials

Plasmonic Quantum Nanocomposite-Modified Multimode–Multicore Fiber for Sensitive Optical Biosensing of Triclosan

  • Jiaqi Gao1
  • Ben Niu2,3
  • Mengmeng Zhang4
  • Feilong Gao1
  • Yiyan Xie1
  • Ragini Singh5
  • Rui Min6,7
  • Xian Zhou8
  • Carlos Marques9,10
  • Bingyuan Zhang1
  • Santosh Kumar11
11 affiliations
  1. 1Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
  2. 2Postdoctoral Research Station, Vital Optics Technology Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239064, China
  3. 3Vital Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
  4. 4Liaocheng Science and Technology Information Research Center, No. 16 Huanghe Road, High-Tech District, Liaocheng 252001, China
  5. 5Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
  6. 6Bay Area School of Applied Psychological Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
  7. 7Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  8. 8School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
  9. 9CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials & Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
  10. 10Department of Physics, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
  11. 11Centre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract

The incorporation of hybrid nanomaterials and fiber architectures into fiber-optic biosensors has proven to be effective in improving sensing performance. This study developed a plasmonic biosensor using a tapered multimode fiber (MMF)–multicore fiber (MCF)–MMF structure functionalized with a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2-QDs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for selective triclosan detection. Combining WS2-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs leverages their individual advantages, creating an active sensing interface with abundant analyte-binding sites, thereby substantially improving responsiveness. The composite-modified structure also promotes higher-order mode generation, which is critical for sensitivity enhancement. When optically excited, the periodic plasmonic geometry produces strong evanescent fields that intensify interactions between the immobilized nanocomposite and target molecules. Transmission spectroscopy demonstrated that the biosensor achieved a detection limit of 3.87 µM within the 0–40 µM range. These results show that the strategic combination of WS2-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs significantly amplifies localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. This architecture offers a promising approach for developing sensitive fiber-optic biosensors, particularly for environmental monitoring of agents like triclosan.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{gao2026plasmonic,
  title = {{Plasmonic Quantum Nanocomposite-Modified Multimode–Multicore Fiber for Sensitive Optical Biosensing of Triclosan}},
  author = {Jiaqi Gao and Ben Niu and Mengmeng Zhang and Feilong Gao and Yiyan Xie and Ragini Singh and Rui Min and Xian Zhou and Carlos Marques and Bingyuan Zhang and Santosh Kumar},
  journal = {Nanomaterials},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/nano16211339},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1339},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Plasmonic Quantum Nanocomposite-Modified Multimode–Multicore Fiber for Sensitive Optical Biosensing of Triclosan
AU  - Jiaqi Gao
AU  - Ben Niu
AU  - Mengmeng Zhang
AU  - Feilong Gao
AU  - Yiyan Xie
AU  - Ragini Singh
AU  - Rui Min
AU  - Xian Zhou
AU  - Carlos Marques
AU  - Bingyuan Zhang
AU  - Santosh Kumar
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/22
JO  - Nanomaterials
DO  - 10.3390/nano16211339
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1339
AB  - The incorporation of hybrid nanomaterials and fiber architectures into fiber-optic biosensors has proven to be effective in improving sensing performance. This study developed a plasmonic biosensor using a tapered multimode fiber (MMF)–multicore fiber (MCF)–MMF structure functionalized with a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2-QDs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for selective triclosan detection. Combining WS2-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs leverages their individual advantages, creating an active sensing interface with abundant analyte-binding sites, thereby substantially improving responsiveness. The composite-modified structure also promotes higher-order mode generation, which is critical for sensitivity enhancement. When optically excited, the periodic plasmonic geometry produces strong evanescent fields that intensify interactions between the immobilized nanocomposite and target molecules. Transmission spectroscopy demonstrated that the biosensor achieved a detection limit of 3.87 µM within the 0–40 µM range. These results show that the strategic combination of WS2-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs significantly amplifies localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. This architecture offers a promising approach for developing sensitive fiber-optic biosensors, particularly for environmental monitoring of agents like triclosan.
SN  - 2079-4991
ER  -