Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO enzyme-mimetic nanozymes for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and dye degradation.
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 42734 Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
- 2Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan [email protected].
- 3Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
- 4Department of Physics, University of Taibah Madinah Saudi Arabia.
- 5Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
- 6Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, National University of Pakistan Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan.
Abstract
The development of efficient, sustainable nanozymes that act as photocatalysts for solar hydrogen (H₂) evolution remains a critical research priority in clean energy technologies. In this work, multifunctional Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7; where x represents the weight fraction of Pd within a total metal loading of 1 wt%) materials acting as nanozymes were phyto-mechanochemically synthesized, demonstrating high activity for photocatalytic H₂ evolution, dye degradation, and enzyme-mimetic activities. The structural and morphological parameters of Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO nanozymes were studied by PXRD, UV-visible DRS, SEM, EDS, XPS, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, BJH pore size analysis, Zeta potential, photoluminescence (PL), electron impedance study (EIS), electron spin resonance (ESR), ICP-OES, and photothermal conversion ability. The Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO nanozyme with 0.7 wt% loading of Pd in an overall metal-metal oxide loading of 1 wt% showed a very high H₂ evolution rate of 2.82 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ which is 1.76 times greater than pristine MgO. The high activity of the Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO nanozyme was attributed to the inherent property of Pd metal to quench photogenerated electrons by the Schottky barrier formation mechanism. It is also shown that the optimized dose of Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO exhibits 80% degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye in visible light irradiation, which is much higher than pristine MgO, rGO, MgO/rGO, Pd0.5-MgO0.5/rGO, and Pd0.3-MgO0.7/rGO. Besides this, Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO exhibits high reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity as compared to MgO, rGO, MgO/rGO, Pd0.3-MgO0.7/rGO, and the Pd0.5-MgO0.5/rGO nanozyme. This enhanced performance is mechanistically linked to its synergistic enzyme-mimetic activities, mimicking SOD, catalase, and GPx, which collectively orchestrate a ROS-scavenging cascade to suppress charge recombination and promote redox reactions.
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BibTeX
@article{almasoudi2026mgo1x,
title = {{Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO enzyme-mimetic nanozymes for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and dye degradation.}},
author = {Afaf Almasoudi and Ihsan Ullah and Muhammad Babar Taj and Hadeel M Banbela and Amani Al Solami and Amal Marzoqi Altowerqi and Khloud Al-Thubaiti and Ismat Bibi and Ahmad Raheel},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra00711b},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903921},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO enzyme-mimetic nanozymes for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and dye degradation.
AU - Afaf Almasoudi
AU - Ihsan Ullah
AU - Muhammad Babar Taj
AU - Hadeel M Banbela
AU - Amani Al Solami
AU - Amal Marzoqi Altowerqi
AU - Khloud Al-Thubaiti
AU - Ismat Bibi
AU - Ahmad Raheel
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra00711b
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42903921
AB - The development of efficient, sustainable nanozymes that act as photocatalysts for solar hydrogen (H₂) evolution remains a critical research priority in clean energy technologies. In this work, multifunctional Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7; where x represents the weight fraction of Pd within a total metal loading of 1 wt%) materials acting as nanozymes were phyto-mechanochemically synthesized, demonstrating high activity for photocatalytic H₂ evolution, dye degradation, and enzyme-mimetic activities. The structural and morphological parameters of Pd x -MgO1-x /rGO nanozymes were studied by PXRD, UV-visible DRS, SEM, EDS, XPS, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, BJH pore size analysis, Zeta potential, photoluminescence (PL), electron impedance study (EIS), electron spin resonance (ESR), ICP-OES, and photothermal conversion ability. The Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO nanozyme with 0.7 wt% loading of Pd in an overall metal-metal oxide loading of 1 wt% showed a very high H₂ evolution rate of 2.82 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ which is 1.76 times greater than pristine MgO. The high activity of the Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO nanozyme was attributed to the inherent property of Pd metal to quench photogenerated electrons by the Schottky barrier formation mechanism. It is also shown that the optimized dose of Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO exhibits 80% degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye in visible light irradiation, which is much higher than pristine MgO, rGO, MgO/rGO, Pd0.5-MgO0.5/rGO, and Pd0.3-MgO0.7/rGO. Besides this, Pd0.7-MgO0.3/rGO exhibits high reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity as compared to MgO, rGO, MgO/rGO, Pd0.3-MgO0.7/rGO, and the Pd0.5-MgO0.5/rGO nanozyme. This enhanced performance is mechanistically linked to its synergistic enzyme-mimetic activities, mimicking SOD, catalase, and GPx, which collectively orchestrate a ROS-scavenging cascade to suppress charge recombination and promote redox reactions.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -