Spatial Fluid-Based Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization of JT-CoMP in UMa/UMi mmWave Networks
Abstract
The densification of Fifth-Generation (5G) networks in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands raises major challenges in terms of Energy Efficiency (EE), due to propagation losses, inter-cell interference, base station heterogeneity (macro/micro), and the costs induced by inter-cellular coordination. Although accurate, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations remain computationally expensive for large-scale analysis and parametric optimization. To address this limitation, we derive, based on spatial fluid theory, closed-form expressions of the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) as well as semi-closed-form expressions of the data rate and EE for cooperative (Joint Transmission-Coordinated Multi-Points, JT-CoMP) and non-cooperative (No-CoMP) modes, while integrating standardized mmWave propagation models for Urban Macro (UMa) and Urban Micro (UMi) environments. This framework allows for a joint analysis of the impact of the network topology—including the concentric ring architecture characterized by the number of rings ( nrings ) and the Inter-Site Distance (ISD),— transmission power ( Ptx ) of macro and micro stations, and overall energy consumption, including transmission, radio frequency circuits, and backhaul. Based on the semi-analytic expressions for EE derived for No-CoMP and JT-CoMP modes in UMa and UMi environments, we demonstrate: 1) the identification of optimal network configurations ( nrings , Ptx , ISD) that maximize EE in large-scale mmWave networks; 2) the evaluation of backhaul energy consumption through a parameterized linear model that distinguishes macro- and micro-BSs; and 3) the identification of operating regimes in which the No-CoMP mode becomes more energy-efficient than JT-CoMP. The analytical and semi-analytical results are systematically validated through MC simulations across a wide range of realistic scenarios, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed extensions. The fluid approach thus appears as a fast, interpretable, and generalizable tool for energy resource allocation in 5G mmWave networks, providing an effective alternative to purely numerical methods.
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BibTeX
@article{younes2026spatial,
title = {{Spatial Fluid-Based Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization of JT-CoMP in UMa/UMi mmWave Networks}},
author = {Mohamad Younes and Clency Perrine},
journal = {IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3728279},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05837744v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Spatial Fluid-Based Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization of JT-CoMP in UMa/UMi mmWave Networks
AU - Mohamad Younes
AU - Clency Perrine
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
JO - IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
DO - 10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3728279
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05837744v1
AB - The densification of Fifth-Generation (5G) networks in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands raises major challenges in terms of Energy Efficiency (EE), due to propagation losses, inter-cell interference, base station heterogeneity (macro/micro), and the costs induced by inter-cellular coordination. Although accurate, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations remain computationally expensive for large-scale analysis and parametric optimization. To address this limitation, we derive, based on spatial fluid theory, closed-form expressions of the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) as well as semi-closed-form expressions of the data rate and EE for cooperative (Joint Transmission-Coordinated Multi-Points, JT-CoMP) and non-cooperative (No-CoMP) modes, while integrating standardized mmWave propagation models for Urban Macro (UMa) and Urban Micro (UMi) environments. This framework allows for a joint analysis of the impact of the network topology—including the concentric ring architecture characterized by the number of rings ( nrings ) and the Inter-Site Distance (ISD),— transmission power ( Ptx ) of macro and micro stations, and overall energy consumption, including transmission, radio frequency circuits, and backhaul. Based on the semi-analytic expressions for EE derived for No-CoMP and JT-CoMP modes in UMa and UMi environments, we demonstrate: 1) the identification of optimal network configurations ( nrings , Ptx , ISD) that maximize EE in large-scale mmWave networks; 2) the evaluation of backhaul energy consumption through a parameterized linear model that distinguishes macro- and micro-BSs; and 3) the identification of operating regimes in which the No-CoMP mode becomes more energy-efficient than JT-CoMP. The analytical and semi-analytical results are systematically validated through MC simulations across a wide range of realistic scenarios, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed extensions. The fluid approach thus appears as a fast, interpretable, and generalizable tool for energy resource allocation in 5G mmWave networks, providing an effective alternative to purely numerical methods.
SN - 2644-125X
ER -