Evaluation of surveillance performance and determinants for priority vaccine-preventable diseases in Niger State, Nigeria: A CDC 2001 Guideline-based multilevel analysis

@article{awoyale2026evaluation,
  title = {{Evaluation of surveillance performance and determinants for priority vaccine-preventable diseases in Niger State, Nigeria: A CDC 2001 Guideline-based multilevel analysis}},
  author = {Oladayo David Awoyale and Akolade Jimoh and Anne Dede and Rauf Ibrahim Rauf and Arab Mustafa and Tosin Ayokunmi Sowade and Patrick B. Gimba and Idris Ibrahim and Catherine Nabiem Akpen and Eugene Chidi Eugene and Grace Fubara Erekosima and Chibuike Okekeigwe and Moses Job Tarfa and Saheed D. Isiaka and Hilary Okagbue and Sunday Atobatele and Sidney Sampson},
  journal = {PLOS Global Public Health},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pgph.0005928},
  url = {https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005928},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluation of surveillance performance and determinants for priority vaccine-preventable diseases in Niger State, Nigeria: A CDC 2001 Guideline-based multilevel analysis
AU  - Oladayo David Awoyale
AU  - Akolade Jimoh
AU  - Anne Dede
AU  - Rauf Ibrahim Rauf
AU  - Arab Mustafa
AU  - Tosin Ayokunmi Sowade
AU  - Patrick B. Gimba
AU  - Idris Ibrahim
AU  - Catherine Nabiem Akpen
AU  - Eugene Chidi Eugene
AU  - Grace Fubara Erekosima
AU  - Chibuike Okekeigwe
AU  - Moses Job Tarfa
AU  - Saheed D. Isiaka
AU  - Hilary Okagbue
AU  - Sunday Atobatele
AU  - Sidney Sampson
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/23
JO  - PLOS Global Public Health
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005928
UR  - https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0005928
AB  - Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, and evidence on subnational surveillance performance in Nigeria remains limited. We conducted a cross-sectional analytic evaluation of surveillance systems for measles, diphtheria, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), and cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) in Niger State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 415 clinicians, community resource persons, and surveillance focal persons across 12 purposively selected Local Government Areas using structured questionnaires adapted from CDC surveillance evaluation guidelines and aligned with IDSR guidance. Surveillance performance was assessed using sensitivity, data quality, and stability. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multivariable regression models. Reported suspected case detection was higher for measles and AFP than for CSM and diphtheria, with detection reported by 94.2% and 93.0% of respondents for measles and AFP, respectively, compared with 84.3% for CSM and 81.4% for diphtheria. Transport availability without delays was consistently associated with lower odds of surveillance failure across disease-specific models, including measles sample collection (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05–0.28) and case confirmation (aOR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.21), diphtheria sample collection (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06–0.49) and confirmation (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08–0.58), and CSM sample collection (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06–0.54) and confirmation (aOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.61). Active guideline use was associated with AFP sample collection (aOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.72–9.87). Only 66.5% of respondents reported fully accurate submitted forms, and financial support was associated with lower odds of instability (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97). Strengthening transport, infrastructure, financing, and data quality systems may improve VPD surveillance performance and outbreak preparedness in similar settings.
SN  - 2767-3375
ER  -