Peer-reviewedPublic domainJournal of public health (Oxford, England)
Cost analysis of vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance in Ethiopia
14 affiliations
- 1Global Immunization Division, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
- 2Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Gulelle Arbegnoch Street, Gulele Sub-City, Near Pasteur Square, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 3Present address: Office of the Regional Director, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO), Brazzaville, M6V4+MMV, Republic of the Congo
- 4Global One Health LLC, The Ohio State University, Bole Road, Noah Plaza Building, 2nd Floor, Bole Sub-City, District-03, Addis Ababa, 1000, Ethiopia
- 5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Global One Health initiative, The Ohio State University, N-1137 Doan Hall, 410 West 10th Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- 6Present address: School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr., Huntington, West Virginia, 25701, USA
- 7World Health Organization, Ethiopia Country Office, UNECA Compound, Zambezi Building, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 8Present address: World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, 4th Floor, UN House | Plot 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria
- 9Present address: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Ring Road, 16/17, Haile Garment Lafto Square, Nifas Silk-Lafto Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 10Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entoto Street, District 06, Addis Ababa, 1014, Ethiopia
- 11Vaccine Preventable Diseases Program, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO), Brazzaville, BP 06, Republic of the Congo
- 12Present address: WHO Collaborating Centre, Diarrhoea Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa & Kenya Institute of Primate Research, End of Karen Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- 13Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
- 14Present address: Project HOPE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the cost of the vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) surveillance system in Ethiopia to inform budgeting for disease detection, prevention, and control, and planning for transitions from donor funding. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective, bottom-up micro-costing study collected data on resource utilization to conduct VPD surveillance during one fiscal year (2018-2019) in Ethiopia. The study covered 16 VPDs and costs from the government and partners perspective. RESULTS: The estimated economic costs of VPD surveillance in Ethiopia were US$69.11 million or US$0.70 per capita, while financial costs were US$26.83 million or US$0.27 per capita. The largest economic cost was for labor (41.0%) and the largest financial cost was for supplies (36.9%). Resources were mostly allocated to integrated, general disease surveillance (economic: 54.6%; financial: 50.7%), followed by surveillance for measles and rubella (economic: 15.9%; financial: 22.5%) and polio (economic: 12.4%; financial: 15.7%). The main funder was the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (economic: 78.8%; financial 62.6%), including donor resources channeled through the ministry. CONCLUSIONS: Human resources were primary drivers of economic costs. Although the Ethiopian VPD surveillance system uses shared resources across multiple VPDs, resulting in scale efficiencies, and the Ethiopian government covers most of its economic costs, a substantial portion relies on direct external donor support.
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BibTeX
@article{mejia2026cost,
title = {{Cost analysis of vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance in Ethiopia}},
author = {Nelly Mejia and Aschalew Abayneh Workineh and Eden Dagnachew Zeleke and Senait Alemayehu Beshah and Roopa Darwar and Mesfin Wossen and Mikias Alayu and Leuel Lisanwork and Getnet Yimer and Kassech Sintayehu Molla and Eshetu Wassie Asemahaegne and Zewdu Assefa Edea and Yohannes Dugasa and Esete Assefa and Frehywot Eshetu Gebresilassie and Qian An and Benjamin A. Dahl and Anagha Loharikar and Jason M. Mwenda and Shu-Hua Wang and Anindya Sekhar Bose and Ebba Abate and Sarah Wood Pallas},
journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdag056},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdag056},
note = {Public domain},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Cost analysis of vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance in Ethiopia
AU - Nelly Mejia
AU - Aschalew Abayneh Workineh
AU - Eden Dagnachew Zeleke
AU - Senait Alemayehu Beshah
AU - Roopa Darwar
AU - Mesfin Wossen
AU - Mikias Alayu
AU - Leuel Lisanwork
AU - Getnet Yimer
AU - Kassech Sintayehu Molla
AU - Eshetu Wassie Asemahaegne
AU - Zewdu Assefa Edea
AU - Yohannes Dugasa
AU - Esete Assefa
AU - Frehywot Eshetu Gebresilassie
AU - Qian An
AU - Benjamin A. Dahl
AU - Anagha Loharikar
AU - Jason M. Mwenda
AU - Shu-Hua Wang
AU - Anindya Sekhar Bose
AU - Ebba Abate
AU - Sarah Wood Pallas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
JO - Journal of public health (Oxford, England)
DO - 10.1093/pubmed/fdag056
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdag056
AB - BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the cost of the vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) surveillance system in Ethiopia to inform budgeting for disease detection, prevention, and control, and planning for transitions from donor funding. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective, bottom-up micro-costing study collected data on resource utilization to conduct VPD surveillance during one fiscal year (2018-2019) in Ethiopia. The study covered 16 VPDs and costs from the government and partners perspective. RESULTS: The estimated economic costs of VPD surveillance in Ethiopia were US$69.11 million or US$0.70 per capita, while financial costs were US$26.83 million or US$0.27 per capita. The largest economic cost was for labor (41.0%) and the largest financial cost was for supplies (36.9%). Resources were mostly allocated to integrated, general disease surveillance (economic: 54.6%; financial: 50.7%), followed by surveillance for measles and rubella (economic: 15.9%; financial: 22.5%) and polio (economic: 12.4%; financial: 15.7%). The main funder was the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (economic: 78.8%; financial 62.6%), including donor resources channeled through the ministry. CONCLUSIONS: Human resources were primary drivers of economic costs. Although the Ethiopian VPD surveillance system uses shared resources across multiple VPDs, resulting in scale efficiencies, and the Ethiopian government covers most of its economic costs, a substantial portion relies on direct external donor support.
SN - 1741-3842
SN - 1741-3850
ER -