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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0ACS Omega

A Validated SEM-EDS Workflow for Screening Rare High-Mg Minerals in Fine-Grained Chang’e-6 Lunar Soil

  • Jiangyan Yuan1
  • Kaihui Shi1,2
  • Yi Chen1,2
  • Di Zhang1
  • Lihui Jia1
  1. 1Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,
  2. 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,
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Abstract

Accurate localization of rare high-Mg minerals in lunar soil is hindered by their small grain size and occurrence in compositionally heterogeneous matrices. High-Mg minerals are operationally defined as olivine with Fo > 80 (Fo = 100 × Mg/(Mg + FeT) molar basis), orthopyroxene with Mg# > 80 (Mg# = 100 × Mg/(Mg + FeT) molar basis), and clinopyroxene with Mg# > 70. A particle-resolved scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) screening method was developed for Chang’e-6 lunar soil. The key advance is that Mg-bearing particles are not only identified by phase mapping but are further classified according to Mg# for pyroxene and Fo for olivine, enabling high-Mg candidates to be directly ranked and spatially located across large mapped areas. Analytical conditions were optimized using Monte Carlo simulations, counting-statistics requirements, particle-size constraints, and phase-segmentation performance. The final conditions were 15 kV, 10 nA, a dwell time of 2000 μs, a resolution of 1024 pixels, frame processing of 4, a boundary tolerance of 10, and a grouping level of 0. Quantitative SEM-EDS results agreed well with electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) analyses of the same grains. Application of the method showed that Mg-bearing phases accounted for approximately 1.8% of the mapped compositional area and enabled rapid localization of high-Mg olivine and pyroxene grains for subsequent high-precision analyses. The workflow provides a practical basis for selecting high-Mg candidates for subsequent studies of lunar mantle provenance and Lunar Magma Ocean differentiation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yuan2026validated,
  title = {{A Validated SEM-EDS Workflow for Screening Rare High-Mg Minerals in Fine-Grained Chang’e-6 Lunar Soil}},
  author = {Jiangyan Yuan and Kaihui Shi and Yi Chen and Di Zhang and Lihui Jia},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c09206},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09206/5453393/A-Validated-SEM-EDS-Workflow-for-Screening-Rare},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Validated SEM-EDS Workflow for Screening Rare High-Mg Minerals in Fine-Grained Chang’e-6 Lunar Soil
AU  - Jiangyan Yuan
AU  - Kaihui Shi
AU  - Yi Chen
AU  - Di Zhang
AU  - Lihui Jia
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c09206
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09206/5453393/A-Validated-SEM-EDS-Workflow-for-Screening-Rare
AB  - Accurate localization of rare high-Mg minerals in lunar soil is hindered by their small grain size and occurrence in compositionally heterogeneous matrices. High-Mg minerals are operationally defined as olivine with Fo > 80 (Fo = 100 × Mg/(Mg + FeT) molar basis), orthopyroxene with Mg# > 80 (Mg# = 100 × Mg/(Mg + FeT) molar basis), and clinopyroxene with Mg# > 70. A particle-resolved scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) screening method was developed for Chang’e-6 lunar soil. The key advance is that Mg-bearing particles are not only identified by phase mapping but are further classified according to Mg# for pyroxene and Fo for olivine, enabling high-Mg candidates to be directly ranked and spatially located across large mapped areas. Analytical conditions were optimized using Monte Carlo simulations, counting-statistics requirements, particle-size constraints, and phase-segmentation performance. The final conditions were 15 kV, 10 nA, a dwell time of 2000 μs, a resolution of 1024 pixels, frame processing of 4, a boundary tolerance of 10, and a grouping level of 0. Quantitative SEM-EDS results agreed well with electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) analyses of the same grains. Application of the method showed that Mg-bearing phases accounted for approximately 1.8% of the mapped compositional area and enabled rapid localization of high-Mg olivine and pyroxene grains for subsequent high-precision analyses. The workflow provides a practical basis for selecting high-Mg candidates for subsequent studies of lunar mantle provenance and Lunar Magma Ocean differentiation.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -