Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds in San Joaquin Valley Families.
7 affiliations
- 1Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA 95812, USA.
- 2Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
- 3Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
- 4Departments of Public Health and Environmental Systems and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
- 5Central California Asthma Collaborative, Fresno, CA 93727, USA.
- 6Little Manila Rising, Stockton, CA 95206, USA.
- 7Clinical Pharmacology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Abstract
The San Joaquin Valley in California has some of the nation's worst air quality. Health effects from elevated outdoor air pollution may be compounded by poor indoor air quality due to use of certain consumer products or individual activities. The BiomSPHERE study measured air pollution-related urinary exposure biomarkers in residents of Stockton and Fresno, California. Urine samples were collected from 64 adult-child pairs in 2023. Metabolites of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in urine. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on demographics and potential exposure sources. Metabolites of all PAHs (fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) and four VOCs (acrolein, acrylonitrile, crotonaldehyde, and propylene oxide) were detected in >85% of the samples. 2-Hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP) was the only PAH metabolite that had higher concentrations in BiomSPHERE adults and children compared with nationally representative levels reported by the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Concentrations of 2-NAP were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) between adults and children, suggesting a common exposure source. Concentrations of 2-NAP were also significantly higher among Hispanic/Latino participants and among participants who recently used cleaning products, air fresheners, and scented personal care products (p < 0.05). For non-smoking adults, metabolites of the VOCs acrolein, acrylonitrile, and propylene oxide were significantly higher in BiomSPHERE compared with NHANES. Further research is needed to identify the sources of elevated 2-NAP and VOC urinary metabolite concentrations.
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BibTeX
@article{reddam2026urinary,
title = {{Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds in San Joaquin Valley Families.}},
author = {Aalekhya Reddam and Marley Zalay and Rosemary Castorina and Asa Bradman and Daniel Sultana and Elizabeth Noth and Anabelle Garza and Debra Manzo Garcia and Tim Tyner and Jazmarie LaTour and Peyton Jacob and Josephine Alvaran DeGuzman and Jianwen She and Stephanie Jarmul},
journal = {Toxics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/toxics14100915},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931703},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds in San Joaquin Valley Families.
AU - Aalekhya Reddam
AU - Marley Zalay
AU - Rosemary Castorina
AU - Asa Bradman
AU - Daniel Sultana
AU - Elizabeth Noth
AU - Anabelle Garza
AU - Debra Manzo Garcia
AU - Tim Tyner
AU - Jazmarie LaTour
AU - Peyton Jacob
AU - Josephine Alvaran DeGuzman
AU - Jianwen She
AU - Stephanie Jarmul
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Toxics
DO - 10.3390/toxics14100915
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931703
AB - The San Joaquin Valley in California has some of the nation's worst air quality. Health effects from elevated outdoor air pollution may be compounded by poor indoor air quality due to use of certain consumer products or individual activities. The BiomSPHERE study measured air pollution-related urinary exposure biomarkers in residents of Stockton and Fresno, California. Urine samples were collected from 64 adult-child pairs in 2023. Metabolites of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in urine. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on demographics and potential exposure sources. Metabolites of all PAHs (fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) and four VOCs (acrolein, acrylonitrile, crotonaldehyde, and propylene oxide) were detected in >85% of the samples. 2-Hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP) was the only PAH metabolite that had higher concentrations in BiomSPHERE adults and children compared with nationally representative levels reported by the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Concentrations of 2-NAP were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) between adults and children, suggesting a common exposure source. Concentrations of 2-NAP were also significantly higher among Hispanic/Latino participants and among participants who recently used cleaning products, air fresheners, and scented personal care products (p < 0.05). For non-smoking adults, metabolites of the VOCs acrolein, acrylonitrile, and propylene oxide were significantly higher in BiomSPHERE compared with NHANES. Further research is needed to identify the sources of elevated 2-NAP and VOC urinary metabolite concentrations.
SN - 2305-6304
ER -