PPVM: A Circuit Simulation Framework for Digital Twins of Quantum Processors
Abstract
Quantum computers are approaching the early fault-tolerant regime. Verifying the next generation of quantum hardware requires joint emulation of the quantum processor, hardware noise, and classical control and decoding logic. We introduce the Programmable Pauli Virtual Machine (PPVM), an open-source framework for digital twins of quantum processors. PPVM unifies Pauli propagation and generalized tableau simulation under a common abstraction within a single virtual machine. Its bytecode supports arbitrary classical control flow, with measurement-conditioned feed-forward available in the generalized tableau backend. For neutral-atom hardware, we derive independent and correlated atom-loss channels and integrate them into both backends. We demonstrate loss-aware magic state distillation on over a thousand physical qubits and integration with classical decoding through Bloqade QEC Studio.
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BibTeX
@misc{luo2026ppvm,
title = {{PPVM: A Circuit Simulation Framework for Digital Twins of Quantum Processors}},
author = {Xiu-Zhe Luo and David Plankensteiner and Kai-Hsin Wu and Rob Patterson and Alexander Schuckert and Oriol Rubies-Bigorda and Refaat Ismail and Jonhas Colina and Neelay Fruitwala and Danylo Lykov and Tyson Jones and Stefan Krastanov and Rafael Haenel and Stefan Ostermann and Sheng-Tao Wang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.18225},
eprint = {2610.18225},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18225},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - PPVM: A Circuit Simulation Framework for Digital Twins of Quantum Processors
AU - Xiu-Zhe Luo
AU - David Plankensteiner
AU - Kai-Hsin Wu
AU - Rob Patterson
AU - Alexander Schuckert
AU - Oriol Rubies-Bigorda
AU - Refaat Ismail
AU - Jonhas Colina
AU - Neelay Fruitwala
AU - Danylo Lykov
AU - Tyson Jones
AU - Stefan Krastanov
AU - Rafael Haenel
AU - Stefan Ostermann
AU - Sheng-Tao Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.18225
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18225
AB - Quantum computers are approaching the early fault-tolerant regime. Verifying the next generation of quantum hardware requires joint emulation of the quantum processor, hardware noise, and classical control and decoding logic. We introduce the Programmable Pauli Virtual Machine (PPVM), an open-source framework for digital twins of quantum processors. PPVM unifies Pauli propagation and generalized tableau simulation under a common abstraction within a single virtual machine. Its bytecode supports arbitrary classical control flow, with measurement-conditioned feed-forward available in the generalized tableau backend. For neutral-atom hardware, we derive independent and correlated atom-loss channels and integrate them into both backends. We demonstrate loss-aware magic state distillation on over a thousand physical qubits and integration with classical decoding through Bloqade QEC Studio.
ER -