Genus-One Rigidity of Bounded Virasoro Pairings for 3D Gravity
Abstract
We study whether varying the topological boundary of the doubled Virasoro TQFT can produce distinct torus pairings for an ensemble interpretation of 3D gravity. In the ordinary nondegenerate sector, every bounded pairing that commutes with the modular transformations is scalar, and vacuum normalization selects the diagonal pairing. The proof identifies the modular transformations with the even Weil representation and applies the Cowling--Steger lattice-restriction theorem. Under the ordinary block-diagonal vacuum--continuum ansatz, positivity and the two vacuum marginals also make a Borel-measure pairing bounded, without assuming absolute continuity; modular invariance then forces the same diagonal pairing. These two classes therefore contain no distinct torus pairings to average. A nontrivial Virasoro boundary ensemble must involve genus-one data outside these classes, additional sectors or vacuum--continuum couplings, or information invisible in the torus pairing. Elementary proofs in explicit regular sectors explain the rigidity mechanisms, and numerical calculations provide independent checks.
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BibTeX
@misc{yu2026genusone,
title = {{Genus-One Rigidity of Bounded Virasoro Pairings for 3D Gravity}},
author = {Xingyang Yu},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.03459},
eprint = {2608.03459},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.03459},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Genus-One Rigidity of Bounded Virasoro Pairings for 3D Gravity
AU - Xingyang Yu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.03459
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.03459
AB - We study whether varying the topological boundary of the doubled Virasoro TQFT can produce distinct torus pairings for an ensemble interpretation of 3D gravity. In the ordinary nondegenerate sector, every bounded pairing that commutes with the modular transformations is scalar, and vacuum normalization selects the diagonal pairing. The proof identifies the modular transformations with the even Weil representation and applies the Cowling--Steger lattice-restriction theorem. Under the ordinary block-diagonal vacuum--continuum ansatz, positivity and the two vacuum marginals also make a Borel-measure pairing bounded, without assuming absolute continuity; modular invariance then forces the same diagonal pairing. These two classes therefore contain no distinct torus pairings to average. A nontrivial Virasoro boundary ensemble must involve genus-one data outside these classes, additional sectors or vacuum--continuum couplings, or information invisible in the torus pairing. Elementary proofs in explicit regular sectors explain the rigidity mechanisms, and numerical calculations provide independent checks.
ER -