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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Molecules

Phytochemical Diversity, Extraction Strategies, Pharmacological Activities of Larix sibirica: A Comprehensive Review

  • Gulden Kurmangaliyeva1
  • Gulbaram Ustenova1
  • Mehmet Öztürk2
  • Galiya Sayakova3
  • Assyl Boshkayeva4
  • Akerke Amirkhanova1,5
  • Moldir Koilybayeva1,5
  • Moldir Zhandabayeva1
  • Arailym Abilbayeva6
  • Aigerim Kantureyeva1
6 affiliations
  1. 1School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi 94, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
  2. 2Department of Chemistry, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kotekli, Mugla 48187, Turkey
  3. 3Department of Pharmacognosy with Botany Course, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi 94, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
  4. 4Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi 94, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
  5. 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
  6. 6General Immunology Department, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi 94, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

Larix sibirica is a conifer and a renewable source of chemically diverse constituents with pharmacological uses. This review examines its phytochemical composition, extraction strategies, and reported pharmacological activities, including preliminary studies of arabinogalactan-based drug carriers and sulfated lignins. The compiled database comprised 354 records representing 232 unique compounds reported in 25 publications, distributed among 16 phytochemical groups and 12 plant-source categories. Phenolics, terpenoids, lipids, arabinogalactan and lignans were concentrated unevenly across bark, needles, oleoresin, wood, knotwood and heartwood resin. Extraction remained dominated by conventional solvent partitioning, Soxhlet extraction, steam distillation and chromatography; aqueous ethanol enabled simultaneous recovery of arabinogalactan and taxifolin, but direct comparisons with intensified technologies were lacking. Antioxidant activity was supported mainly by chemical assays, whereas antiviral, antibacterial, neuritogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects relied predominantly on cellular or limited animal models. Arabinogalactan showed immunomodulatory and intestinal barrier effects and was investigated as a preclinical drug carrier, while sulfated lignins showed concentration-dependent effects in in vitro blood-compatibility assays. Nevertheless, heterogeneous preparations, inconsistent measurement bases and limited dose–response, pharmacokinetic and toxicological data restrict cross-study comparison and clinical interpretation. Future work should prioritize standardized sampling and extracts, validated quantitative LC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods, untargeted metabolomics, bioactivity-guided fractionation, controlled in vivo studies and systematic safety assessment. These advances are required to convert descriptive phytochemistry into reproducible evidence for therapeutic and industrial development.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kurmangaliyeva2026phytochemical,
  title = {{Phytochemical Diversity, Extraction Strategies, Pharmacological Activities of Larix sibirica: A Comprehensive Review}},
  author = {Gulden Kurmangaliyeva and Gulbaram Ustenova and Mehmet Öztürk and Galiya Sayakova and Assyl Boshkayeva and Akerke Amirkhanova and Moldir Koilybayeva and Moldir Zhandabayeva and Arailym Abilbayeva and Aigerim Kantureyeva},
  journal = {Molecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/molecules31203690},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3690},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phytochemical Diversity, Extraction Strategies, Pharmacological Activities of Larix sibirica: A Comprehensive Review
AU  - Gulden Kurmangaliyeva
AU  - Gulbaram Ustenova
AU  - Mehmet Öztürk
AU  - Galiya Sayakova
AU  - Assyl Boshkayeva
AU  - Akerke Amirkhanova
AU  - Moldir Koilybayeva
AU  - Moldir Zhandabayeva
AU  - Arailym Abilbayeva
AU  - Aigerim Kantureyeva
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Molecules
DO  - 10.3390/molecules31203690
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3690
AB  - Larix sibirica is a conifer and a renewable source of chemically diverse constituents with pharmacological uses. This review examines its phytochemical composition, extraction strategies, and reported pharmacological activities, including preliminary studies of arabinogalactan-based drug carriers and sulfated lignins. The compiled database comprised 354 records representing 232 unique compounds reported in 25 publications, distributed among 16 phytochemical groups and 12 plant-source categories. Phenolics, terpenoids, lipids, arabinogalactan and lignans were concentrated unevenly across bark, needles, oleoresin, wood, knotwood and heartwood resin. Extraction remained dominated by conventional solvent partitioning, Soxhlet extraction, steam distillation and chromatography; aqueous ethanol enabled simultaneous recovery of arabinogalactan and taxifolin, but direct comparisons with intensified technologies were lacking. Antioxidant activity was supported mainly by chemical assays, whereas antiviral, antibacterial, neuritogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects relied predominantly on cellular or limited animal models. Arabinogalactan showed immunomodulatory and intestinal barrier effects and was investigated as a preclinical drug carrier, while sulfated lignins showed concentration-dependent effects in in vitro blood-compatibility assays. Nevertheless, heterogeneous preparations, inconsistent measurement bases and limited dose–response, pharmacokinetic and toxicological data restrict cross-study comparison and clinical interpretation. Future work should prioritize standardized sampling and extracts, validated quantitative LC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods, untargeted metabolomics, bioactivity-guided fractionation, controlled in vivo studies and systematic safety assessment. These advances are required to convert descriptive phytochemistry into reproducible evidence for therapeutic and industrial development.
SN  - 1420-3049
ER  -