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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

Integration of Refractive Microlenses on BP/MoS2 Photodiodes for Enhanced Infrared Photodetection

  • Varsha Ashwin Vedaraj1
  • Daniel Fan1
  • Jinyuan Chen1
  • Seyed Saleh Mousavi Khaleghi1,2,3
  • Luke Philpott1
  • Yuchen Sun1
  • Shifan Wang1
  • Shi Tang4
  • Robert Delaney1
  • Alexander Corletto1
  • Kenneth B. Crozier1,2,3
  • James Bullock1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
  2. 2School of Physics University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
  3. 3ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical System (TMOS) University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
  4. 4Nanoscience Lab School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Abstract

The van der Waals materials have emerged as promising candidates for infrared (IR) photodetectors. Among these, black phosphorus (BP)/ molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) photodiodes have shown high specific detectivity at room‐temperature. The signal‐to‐noise performance of such detectors can be further improved by employing a microlens to increase the total photon collection without changing the device size, and hence its noise current. In this study, we explore the direct integration of refractive microlenses on BP/MoS2 photodiodes, designed for operation at a wavelength of λ = 1.55 µm. The device's photoresponse is enhanced by up to 20× after microlens fabrication, enabling a detectivity of 1.83 × 109 cmHz1/2W−1 under zero‐bias at room‐temperature. Infrared imaging is achieved by integrating the device into a single‐pixel imaging set‐up. This enables a 255 × 192‐pixel image to be resolved from the transmission of a binary mask placed in front of a λ = 1.55 µm light source. These results demonstrate that direct integration of refractive microlenses with van der Waals photodiodes provides a simple and scalable route to enhance detectivity at room‐temperature, enabling practical near‐infrared computational imaging.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{vedaraj2026integration,
  title = {{Integration of Refractive Microlenses on BP/MoS2 Photodiodes for Enhanced Infrared Photodetection}},
  author = {Varsha Ashwin Vedaraj and Daniel Fan and Jinyuan Chen and Seyed Saleh Mousavi Khaleghi and Luke Philpott and Yuchen Sun and Shifan Wang and Shi Tang and Robert Delaney and Alexander Corletto and Kenneth B. Crozier and James Bullock},
  journal = {Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1002/smll.75405},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.75405},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Integration of Refractive Microlenses on BP/MoS2 Photodiodes for Enhanced Infrared Photodetection
AU  - Varsha Ashwin Vedaraj
AU  - Daniel Fan
AU  - Jinyuan Chen
AU  - Seyed Saleh Mousavi Khaleghi
AU  - Luke Philpott
AU  - Yuchen Sun
AU  - Shifan Wang
AU  - Shi Tang
AU  - Robert Delaney
AU  - Alexander Corletto
AU  - Kenneth B. Crozier
AU  - James Bullock
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/24
JO  - Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
DO  - 10.1002/smll.75405
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.75405
AB  - The van der Waals materials have emerged as promising candidates for infrared (IR) photodetectors. Among these, black phosphorus (BP)/ molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) photodiodes have shown high specific detectivity at room‐temperature. The signal‐to‐noise performance of such detectors can be further improved by employing a microlens to increase the total photon collection without changing the device size, and hence its noise current. In this study, we explore the direct integration of refractive microlenses on BP/MoS2 photodiodes, designed for operation at a wavelength of λ = 1.55 µm. The device's photoresponse is enhanced by up to 20× after microlens fabrication, enabling a detectivity of 1.83 × 109 cmHz1/2W−1 under zero‐bias at room‐temperature. Infrared imaging is achieved by integrating the device into a single‐pixel imaging set‐up. This enables a 255 × 192‐pixel image to be resolved from the transmission of a binary mask placed in front of a λ = 1.55 µm light source. These results demonstrate that direct integration of refractive microlenses with van der Waals photodiodes provides a simple and scalable route to enhance detectivity at room‐temperature, enabling practical near‐infrared computational imaging.
SN  - 1613-6810
SN  - 1613-6829
ER  -