Developmental Toxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A Bis(allyl ether) in Zebrafish: Redox Disturbance and Osteoclast-Associated Skeletal Responses.
- 1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- 2School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- 3Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(allyl ether) (TBBPA-BAE) is an emerging aquatic contaminant, yet its developmental toxicity, particularly its stage-dependent skeletal effects, remains poorly understood. Zebrafish embryos and larvae were continuously exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.2, 2, 20, or 200 µg/L TBBPA-BAE (BAE0.2, BAE2, BAE20, and BAE200) through 14 days post-fertilization (dpf), with the lowest concentration approximating the upper end of reported environmental concentrations. Exposure transiently delayed hatching and altered heart rate and locomotion. At 5 dpf, H₂O₂ increased at all concentrations, whereas superoxide-scavenging capacity, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase showed distinct concentration-dependent responses, indicating disrupted redox homeostasis rather than uniform antioxidant activation. Selective craniofacial cartilage changes were also observed. At 14 dpf, craniofacial mineralization changed non-monotonically, increasing in BAE2 and BAE20 but decreasing in BAE200. Increased cranial TRAP staining together with osteoclast-related transcriptional changes indicated altered osteoclast-associated remodeling, while RANKL-RANK-OPG-related transcripts showed non-coordinated regulation. BAE20 produced the largest 5 dpf transcriptomic response, with changes involving redox response, extracellular matrix regulation, and osteoclast-related processes. Overall, TBBPA-BAE induced stage-dependent, non-monotonic developmental responses characterized by early redox disturbance and later osteoclast-associated skeletal alterations.
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BibTeX
@article{fu2026developmental,
title = {{Developmental Toxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A Bis(allyl ether) in Zebrafish: Redox Disturbance and Osteoclast-Associated Skeletal Responses.}},
author = {Lele Fu and Hai Xu and Qing Wei and Yungu Zheng and Ling Cai and Ming Yang},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/antiox15101242},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42939818},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Developmental Toxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A Bis(allyl ether) in Zebrafish: Redox Disturbance and Osteoclast-Associated Skeletal Responses.
AU - Lele Fu
AU - Hai Xu
AU - Qing Wei
AU - Yungu Zheng
AU - Ling Cai
AU - Ming Yang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/26
JO - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/antiox15101242
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42939818
AB - Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(allyl ether) (TBBPA-BAE) is an emerging aquatic contaminant, yet its developmental toxicity, particularly its stage-dependent skeletal effects, remains poorly understood. Zebrafish embryos and larvae were continuously exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.2, 2, 20, or 200 µg/L TBBPA-BAE (BAE0.2, BAE2, BAE20, and BAE200) through 14 days post-fertilization (dpf), with the lowest concentration approximating the upper end of reported environmental concentrations. Exposure transiently delayed hatching and altered heart rate and locomotion. At 5 dpf, H₂O₂ increased at all concentrations, whereas superoxide-scavenging capacity, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase showed distinct concentration-dependent responses, indicating disrupted redox homeostasis rather than uniform antioxidant activation. Selective craniofacial cartilage changes were also observed. At 14 dpf, craniofacial mineralization changed non-monotonically, increasing in BAE2 and BAE20 but decreasing in BAE200. Increased cranial TRAP staining together with osteoclast-related transcriptional changes indicated altered osteoclast-associated remodeling, while RANKL-RANK-OPG-related transcripts showed non-coordinated regulation. BAE20 produced the largest 5 dpf transcriptomic response, with changes involving redox response, extracellular matrix regulation, and osteoclast-related processes. Overall, TBBPA-BAE induced stage-dependent, non-monotonic developmental responses characterized by early redox disturbance and later osteoclast-associated skeletal alterations.
SN - 2076-3921
ER -