Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes and Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Additional Extrapulmonary Involvement: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis.
- 1Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
- 2Department of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518112, People's Republic of China.
- 3Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but clinical characteristics associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) among patients with DM and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remain insufficiently characterized. This study investigated the clinical features and factors associated with concomitant EPTB in patients with DM and PTB.Methods
This retrospective comparative study included 146 patients with DM and confirmed PTB who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital between April 2017 and October 2022. Patients were classified into a DM-EPTB group (PTB with concomitant EPTB; n = 56) and a DM-PTB group (PTB without EPTB; n = 90). Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory and immunological indices, microbiological and pathological findings, chest computed tomography findings, glycemic management, and drug-resistance profiles were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with concomitant EPTB.Results
Among patients in the DM-EPTB group, 91.1% had extrapulmonary organ or site manifestations. The most frequently involved sites were the pericardium (23.4%), meninges (17.2%), and cervical lymph nodes (15.6%). Compared with patients in the DM-PTB group, those in the DM-EPTB group had lower body mass index, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, LDL-C, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin level, T-lymphocyte count, and helper T-lymphocyte count, but a higher monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (all P < 0.05). They also had longer hospital stays and more frequent readmissions. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, multiple hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR] = 2.300, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.134-4.664; P = 0.021) and multiple pulmonary cavities (OR = 4.405, 95% CI: 1.349-14.382; P = 0.014) were independently associated with concomitant EPTB.Conclusion
In patients with DM and PTB, concomitant EPTB was associated with poorer nutritional and immunological status, longer hospitalization, and greater disease complexity. Multiple hospitalizations and multiple pulmonary cavities were independently associated with concomitant EPTB. These findings support increased clinical vigilance and targeted assessment for EPTB in high-risk patients with DM and PTB.
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BibTeX
@article{yang2026clinical,
title = {{Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes and Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Additional Extrapulmonary Involvement: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis.}},
author = {Pengyan Yang and Caimao Huang and Yongcong Nie and Shilai Su and Xiaoyan Chen},
journal = {Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.2147/dmso.s612100},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974463},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes and Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Additional Extrapulmonary Involvement: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis.
AU - Pengyan Yang
AU - Caimao Huang
AU - Yongcong Nie
AU - Shilai Su
AU - Xiaoyan Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
JO - Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy
DO - 10.2147/dmso.s612100
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974463
AB - Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but clinical characteristics associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) among patients with DM and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remain insufficiently characterized. This study investigated the clinical features and factors associated with concomitant EPTB in patients with DM and PTB.Methods This retrospective comparative study included 146 patients with DM and confirmed PTB who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital between April 2017 and October 2022. Patients were classified into a DM-EPTB group (PTB with concomitant EPTB; n = 56) and a DM-PTB group (PTB without EPTB; n = 90). Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory and immunological indices, microbiological and pathological findings, chest computed tomography findings, glycemic management, and drug-resistance profiles were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with concomitant EPTB.Results Among patients in the DM-EPTB group, 91.1% had extrapulmonary organ or site manifestations. The most frequently involved sites were the pericardium (23.4%), meninges (17.2%), and cervical lymph nodes (15.6%). Compared with patients in the DM-PTB group, those in the DM-EPTB group had lower body mass index, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, LDL-C, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin level, T-lymphocyte count, and helper T-lymphocyte count, but a higher monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (all P < 0.05). They also had longer hospital stays and more frequent readmissions. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, multiple hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR] = 2.300, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.134-4.664; P = 0.021) and multiple pulmonary cavities (OR = 4.405, 95% CI: 1.349-14.382; P = 0.014) were independently associated with concomitant EPTB.Conclusion In patients with DM and PTB, concomitant EPTB was associated with poorer nutritional and immunological status, longer hospitalization, and greater disease complexity. Multiple hospitalizations and multiple pulmonary cavities were independently associated with concomitant EPTB. These findings support increased clinical vigilance and targeted assessment for EPTB in high-risk patients with DM and PTB.
SN - 1178-7007
ER -