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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Immunology

Clinical, immunological, and radiological characteristics of pulmonary involvement in childhood-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a single-center retrospective study

  • Jiayun Ling1,2
  • Tongyu Wu3
  • Xiaohui Liu1,2
  • Zhuqiang Wu4,5
  • Caihui Yuan4,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang Medical College
  2. 2Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
  3. 3Norman Bethune First School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University
  4. 4Radiology Department, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang Medical College
  5. 5Radiology Department, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Abstract

Objective: To describe pulmonary involvement in childhood-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome (cSS).

Methods: This retrospective study included 17 children with cSS diagnosed at Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital between August 2021 and August 2025. Patients were classified by baseline chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)as normal CT (n=8) or abnormal CT (n=9); among patients with abnormal CT, 5 had interstitial lung involvement. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and outcome data were compared.

Results: Among 17 children, 14 were female (82.4%), and the mean age at onset was 10.83 ± 3.12 years. Abnormal chest CT findings were detected in 9 patients (52.9%). Age at onset was younger in the abnormal CT group than in the normal CT group (9.37 ± 2.67 vs. 12.48 ± 2.88 years, P = 0.036), and was lowest in the interstitial lung involvement subgroup (8.30 ± 2.51 years, P = 0.022). This subgroup had higher total T and CD4+ T lymphocyte proportions and a lower B lymphocyte proportion P = 0.026, 0.027, and 0.023, respectively. Pleural thickening was the most common CT abnormality (77.8%), followed by ground-glass opacities and nodules >3 mm (33.3% each). Among the 5 patients with interstitial lung involvement, 3 met radiological criteria for ILD, comprising 2 with organizing pneumonia and 1 with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. During follow-up, 3 of 7 patients with longitudinal imaging achieved complete radiological normalization, 2 improved, and 2 remained stable.

Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities were common in children with cSS. Younger onset and aberrant T/B lymphocyte subsets showed exploratory associations with pulmonary involvement, which appeared mainly inflammatory and demonstrated favorable radiological evolution during follow-up.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ling2026clinical,
  title = {{Clinical, immunological, and radiological characteristics of pulmonary involvement in childhood-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a single-center retrospective study}},
  author = {Jiayun Ling and Tongyu Wu and Xiaohui Liu and Zhuqiang Wu and Caihui Yuan},
  journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943681},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943681/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical, immunological, and radiological characteristics of pulmonary involvement in childhood-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a single-center retrospective study
AU  - Jiayun Ling
AU  - Tongyu Wu
AU  - Xiaohui Liu
AU  - Zhuqiang Wu
AU  - Caihui Yuan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/06
JO  - Frontiers in Immunology
DO  - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943681
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943681/full
AB  - Objective: To describe pulmonary involvement in childhood-onset primary Sjögren’s syndrome (cSS).  Methods: This retrospective study included 17 children with cSS diagnosed at Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital between August 2021 and August 2025. Patients were classified by baseline chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)as normal CT (n=8) or abnormal CT (n=9); among patients with abnormal CT, 5 had interstitial lung involvement. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and outcome data were compared.  Results: Among 17 children, 14 were female (82.4%), and the mean age at onset was 10.83 ± 3.12 years. Abnormal chest CT findings were detected in 9 patients (52.9%). Age at onset was younger in the abnormal CT group than in the normal CT group (9.37 ± 2.67 vs. 12.48 ± 2.88 years, P = 0.036), and was lowest in the interstitial lung involvement subgroup (8.30 ± 2.51 years, P = 0.022). This subgroup had higher total T and CD4+ T lymphocyte proportions and a lower B lymphocyte proportion P = 0.026, 0.027, and 0.023, respectively. Pleural thickening was the most common CT abnormality (77.8%), followed by ground-glass opacities and nodules >3 mm (33.3% each). Among the 5 patients with interstitial lung involvement, 3 met radiological criteria for ILD, comprising 2 with organizing pneumonia and 1 with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. During follow-up, 3 of 7 patients with longitudinal imaging achieved complete radiological normalization, 2 improved, and 2 remained stable.  Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities were common in children with cSS. Younger onset and aberrant T/B lymphocyte subsets showed exploratory associations with pulmonary involvement, which appeared mainly inflammatory and demonstrated favorable radiological evolution during follow-up.
SN  - 1664-3224
ER  -