Transverse detuned loading for modulation bandwidth enhancement in VCSELs

Abstract

Directly modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are central to short-reach optical interconnects, where modulation bandwidth and power efficiency are critical factors for increasing data transfer capacity. Conventional oxide VCSELs still require power-hungry signal processing to achieve high-speed data transmission above 100 Gb/s. Here we report an experimental implementation of detuned loading in a VCSEL to enhance the modulation bandwidth. The detuned loading is achieved by carrier-induced index variations that reshape an engineered transverse mode so its overlap with spatially selective optical losses decreases with increased carrier density. This produces a negative differential loss reminiscent of that in detuned-loaded DBR lasers lasing on the long-wavelength reflectivity flank. The resulting 850 nm single-mode VCSEL exhibits an enhanced carrier-photon relaxation frequency of 44 GHz, yielding a 3dB electrical modulation bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz. The enhancement persists from 25 °C to 75 °C showing the robustness of the mechanism introduced. The same device supports 106.25 Gb/s NRZ transmission without digital signal processing, transmitter pre-emphasis or receiver equalization. These results establish transverse detuned loading as a robust alternative approach for extending the modulation bandwidth of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

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Cite

BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{graziano2026transverse,
  title = {{Transverse detuned loading for modulation bandwidth enhancement in VCSELs}},
  author = {Giacomo Graziano and Richard Schatz and Antoine Pissis and Wilfried Maineult and Aurelio Rossinelli and Philipp Täschler and Simon Hönl and Vincenzo Pasanisi and Tobias Süss and Dario Schiavon and Donato Bonfrate and Martin Spieser and Stefano Tirelli and Evgeny Zibik},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.35578},
  eprint = {2610.35578},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35578},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Transverse detuned loading for modulation bandwidth enhancement in VCSELs
AU  - Giacomo Graziano
AU  - Richard Schatz
AU  - Antoine Pissis
AU  - Wilfried Maineult
AU  - Aurelio Rossinelli
AU  - Philipp Täschler
AU  - Simon Hönl
AU  - Vincenzo Pasanisi
AU  - Tobias Süss
AU  - Dario Schiavon
AU  - Donato Bonfrate
AU  - Martin Spieser
AU  - Stefano Tirelli
AU  - Evgeny Zibik
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.35578
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35578
AB  - Directly modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are central to short-reach optical interconnects, where modulation bandwidth and power efficiency are critical factors for increasing data transfer capacity. Conventional oxide VCSELs still require power-hungry signal processing to achieve high-speed data transmission above 100 Gb/s. Here we report an experimental implementation of detuned loading in a VCSEL to enhance the modulation bandwidth. The detuned loading is achieved by carrier-induced index variations that reshape an engineered transverse mode so its overlap with spatially selective optical losses decreases with increased carrier density. This produces a negative differential loss reminiscent of that in detuned-loaded DBR lasers lasing on the long-wavelength reflectivity flank. The resulting 850 nm single-mode VCSEL exhibits an enhanced carrier-photon relaxation frequency of 44 GHz, yielding a 3dB electrical modulation bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz. The enhancement persists from 25 °C to 75 °C showing the robustness of the mechanism introduced. The same device supports 106.25 Gb/s NRZ transmission without digital signal processing, transmitter pre-emphasis or receiver equalization. These results establish transverse detuned loading as a robust alternative approach for extending the modulation bandwidth of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
ER  -

Abstract

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