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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Neurology

Patent foramen ovale-associated stroke: mechanisms, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management

  • Luyi Zhang1,2
  • Zihao Li2
  • Yanxing Zhang1,2
  1. 1School of Medicine, ShaoXing University
  2. 2Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital
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Abstract

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in some people, and PFO may lead to cryptogenic stroke. How to identify the causal relationship between PFO and cryptogenic stroke and how to assess the risk of stroke recurrence remain clinical challenges. We reviewed the related mechanisms, diagnosis, relevant biomarkers and the risk assessment of PFO-associated stroke. We also discussed recent advances in PFO closure and its potential indications. Further researches are needed on post-closure medical management and the use of PFO closure in patients over 60 years of age.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026patent,
  title = {{Patent foramen ovale-associated stroke: mechanisms, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management}},
  author = {Luyi Zhang and Zihao Li and Yanxing Zhang},
  journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3389/fneur.2026.1889405},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1889405/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patent foramen ovale-associated stroke: mechanisms, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
AU  - Luyi Zhang
AU  - Zihao Li
AU  - Yanxing Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - Frontiers in Neurology
DO  - 10.3389/fneur.2026.1889405
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1889405/full
AB  - Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in some people, and PFO may lead to cryptogenic stroke. How to identify the causal relationship between PFO and cryptogenic stroke and how to assess the risk of stroke recurrence remain clinical challenges. We reviewed the related mechanisms, diagnosis, relevant biomarkers and the risk assessment of PFO-associated stroke. We also discussed recent advances in PFO closure and its potential indications. Further researches are needed on post-closure medical management and the use of PFO closure in patients over 60 years of age.
SN  - 1664-2295
ER  -