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Peer-reviewedCC BYTropical animal health and production

Pasture area increases livestock rabies risk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a geospatial analysis of neurological syndrome cases (2020-2024).

  • Rafael Veríssimo Monteiro1
  • Renata Falcão Rabello da Costa2
  • Leda Maria Silva Kimura3
  • Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira4
  • Natiane Rodrigues Viana5
  • Alessandro de Sá Guimarães6
  • Márcio Roberto Silva6
  • Guilherme Nunes de Souza4,6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento s/nº - Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil. [email protected].
  2. 2Secretaria de Estado de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Rio de Janeiro. Defesa Agropecuária. Coordenadoria de Defesa Sanitária Animal, Alameda São Boaventura, 770, Fonseca, Niteroi, RJ, 20071-004, Brazil.
  3. 3Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO- RIO), Alameda São Boaventura, 770 - Fonseca, Niterói, RJ, 24120-191, Brazil.
  4. 4Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento s/nº - Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil.
  5. 5Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Clínica e Reprodução Animal) da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, n. 64, Vital Brasil, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24230-340, Brasil.
  6. 6Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Aeroporto, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil.
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Abstract

Animal rabies poses a risk to livestock in Brazil due to transmission by hematophagous bats. The Brazilian sanitary surveillance system mandates rabies testing for any livestock exhibiting signs of neurological syndrome. This geospatial, retrospective, longitudinal, observational study analyzed rabies test results for 204 cattle and 56 horses presenting with neurological syndrome in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from 2020 to 2024. We calculated correlations and linear models between rabies results and municipal land-use types, as well the population of herbivores. Most neurological syndrome cases and positive rabies results occurred in cattle. The final linear model for the number of neurological syndrome cases and positive rabies results incorporated pasture area, shrub area and cattle population. Pasture area was positively correlated with higher numbers (p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). Larger shrub area was associated with fewer neurological syndrome reports and fewer positive results (p = 0.009 and p = 0.010, respectively). Greater cattle population showed a negative association with neurological syndrome notifications and positive detections (p = 0.085 and p = 0.046, respectively).A higher proportion of positive rabies tests was associated with larger pasture areas (p = 0.019) and with lower equine populations (p = 0.115). These findings indicate that the lower animal diversity in pasture areas provides few alternative feeding options for Desmodus rotundus besides livestock, leading to more neurological syndrome cases and animal rabies infections. A larger shrub area offer feed alternatives other than cattle to the bats and a larger cattle population dilutes the frequency of bat meals across individuals, reducing both neurological syndrome notifications and positive rabies detections.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{monteiro2026pasture,
  title = {{Pasture area increases livestock rabies risk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a geospatial analysis of neurological syndrome cases (2020-2024).}},
  author = {Rafael Veríssimo Monteiro and Renata Falcão Rabello da Costa and Leda Maria Silva Kimura and Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira and Natiane Rodrigues Viana and Alessandro de Sá Guimarães and Márcio Roberto Silva and Guilherme Nunes de Souza},
  journal = {Tropical animal health and production},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1007/s11250-026-05359-1},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42873394},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pasture area increases livestock rabies risk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a geospatial analysis of neurological syndrome cases (2020-2024).
AU  - Rafael Veríssimo Monteiro
AU  - Renata Falcão Rabello da Costa
AU  - Leda Maria Silva Kimura
AU  - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira
AU  - Natiane Rodrigues Viana
AU  - Alessandro de Sá Guimarães
AU  - Márcio Roberto Silva
AU  - Guilherme Nunes de Souza
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
JO  - Tropical animal health and production
DO  - 10.1007/s11250-026-05359-1
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42873394
AB  - Animal rabies poses a risk to livestock in Brazil due to transmission by hematophagous bats. The Brazilian sanitary surveillance system mandates rabies testing for any livestock exhibiting signs of neurological syndrome. This geospatial, retrospective, longitudinal, observational study analyzed rabies test results for 204 cattle and 56 horses presenting with neurological syndrome in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from 2020 to 2024. We calculated correlations and linear models between rabies results and municipal land-use types, as well the population of herbivores. Most neurological syndrome cases and positive rabies results occurred in cattle. The final linear model for the number of neurological syndrome cases and positive rabies results incorporated pasture area, shrub area and cattle population. Pasture area was positively correlated with higher numbers (p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). Larger shrub area was associated with fewer neurological syndrome reports and fewer positive results (p = 0.009 and p = 0.010, respectively). Greater cattle population showed a negative association with neurological syndrome notifications and positive detections (p = 0.085 and p = 0.046, respectively).A higher proportion of positive rabies tests was associated with larger pasture areas (p = 0.019) and with lower equine populations (p = 0.115). These findings indicate that the lower animal diversity in pasture areas provides few alternative feeding options for Desmodus rotundus besides livestock, leading to more neurological syndrome cases and animal rabies infections. A larger shrub area offer feed alternatives other than cattle to the bats and a larger cattle population dilutes the frequency of bat meals across individuals, reducing both neurological syndrome notifications and positive rabies detections.
SN  - 0049-4747
SN  - 1573-7438
ER  -