Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality among critically ill children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) worldwide. A frequent and severe complication is sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), which increases morbidity and mortality, and contributes to the development of long-term chronic kidney disease. Recent advancements have expanded our understanding of pediatric SA-AKI, revealing a complex pathophysiology driven by systemic inflammation, microcirculatory dysfunction, reprogramming of energy metabolism, and programmed cell death. Besides, the emergence of novel biomarkers and risk stratification models has improved early detection and subphenotype classification. Despite these strides, traditional diagnostic criteria that rely on serum creatinine and urine output often delay diagnosis and exhibit limited ability to capture disease heterogeneity, thereby hindering the timely implementation of targeted, individualized therapies. This review synthesizes the latest evidence on pediatric SA-AKI, focusing on its pathophysiology, evolving diagnostic criteria, and the identification of clinical subtypes. Furthermore, it highlights precision medicine strategies, including novel biomarkers, advanced risk prediction models, and targeted interventions, to provide a theoretical foundation for future clinical research and personalized treatment.
Related
- Pediatric MASLD in the precision medicine era: advances in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
- Artificial intelligence-assisted bronchoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases: Advances and clinical practice
- Artificial intelligence in hepatitis: Advances in diagnosis, treatment optimization, and prognostic prediction
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy: advances in diagnosis and management
- Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia: A Narrative Review
BibTeX
@article{chai2026advances,
title = {{Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.}},
author = {Junhan Chai and Zuoyu Wen and Yanna Guo and Zhaochun Peng and Hang Zhang and Wei Hu and Yu Chen and Yafeng Liang and Guoquan Pan and Wei Lin},
journal = {Journal of inflammation research},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.2147/jir.s629465},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923755},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.
AU - Junhan Chai
AU - Zuoyu Wen
AU - Yanna Guo
AU - Zhaochun Peng
AU - Hang Zhang
AU - Wei Hu
AU - Yu Chen
AU - Yafeng Liang
AU - Guoquan Pan
AU - Wei Lin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/18
JO - Journal of inflammation research
DO - 10.2147/jir.s629465
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923755
AB - Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality among critically ill children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) worldwide. A frequent and severe complication is sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), which increases morbidity and mortality, and contributes to the development of long-term chronic kidney disease. Recent advancements have expanded our understanding of pediatric SA-AKI, revealing a complex pathophysiology driven by systemic inflammation, microcirculatory dysfunction, reprogramming of energy metabolism, and programmed cell death. Besides, the emergence of novel biomarkers and risk stratification models has improved early detection and subphenotype classification. Despite these strides, traditional diagnostic criteria that rely on serum creatinine and urine output often delay diagnosis and exhibit limited ability to capture disease heterogeneity, thereby hindering the timely implementation of targeted, individualized therapies. This review synthesizes the latest evidence on pediatric SA-AKI, focusing on its pathophysiology, evolving diagnostic criteria, and the identification of clinical subtypes. Furthermore, it highlights precision medicine strategies, including novel biomarkers, advanced risk prediction models, and targeted interventions, to provide a theoretical foundation for future clinical research and personalized treatment.
SN - 1178-7031
ER -