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Peer-reviewedCC BYPharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Impact of polyherbal formulation on cognitive functions in a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model: a spatial memory and learning perspective

  • Deleshwar Kumar1
  • Akash Gupta2
  • Kamal Shah3
  • Trupti Tuse4
  • Sumit Sahu5
  • Nagendra Singh Chauhan6
  • Sanjay Kumar Gupta7
7 affiliations
  1. 1Kamla Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Junwani, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490020, India
  2. 2Department of Pharmacology, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Rungta International Skills University, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
  3. 3Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, (U.P.), 281406, India
  4. 4Abhinav Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Haveli, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India
  5. 5Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Rungta International Skills University, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
  6. 6Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra Raipur, Raipur, 490024, India
  7. 7Department of Pharmacology, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Rungta International Skills University, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India; Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Bacopa monnieri are medicinal plants traditionally used in Asian medicine for improving general health, and neurological and cognitive health. Based on their reported antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cognitive-enhancing effects, this study evaluated a polyherbal formulation containing these plants against scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive deficit in mice. Methods: Swiss albino mice were assigned to five groups (n = 6): normal, SCO control, piracetam, and two polyherbal formulation groups (PF1 and PF2). Cognitive impairment was induced using SCO (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Formulations were administered orally, and cognition was assessed using the T-maze, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze. Hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were determined, followed by histopathological examination. Result: SCO significantly impaired cognitive performance (p<0.001). Both polyherbal formulations improved behavioral parameters, with PF2 showing greater efficacy than PF1 (p<0.05 – 0.001). Treatment reduced hippocampal AChE, MDA, and NO levels while restoring GSH and GST activities. Histopathology confirmed the preservation of hippocampal neuronal architecture and reduced neurodegenerative changes, particularly with PF2. The higher-dose formulation produced neuroprotective effects comparable to piracetam. Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation attenuated SCO-induced cognitive deficits by improving cholinergic activity, restoring antioxidant defense, and preserving neuronal integrity. These findings support its potential as a complementary therapeutic strategy for cognitive impairment, warranting further investigation through phytochemical standardization, mechanistic studies, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and clinical validation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kumar2026impact,
  title = {{Impact of polyherbal formulation on cognitive functions in a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model: a spatial memory and learning perspective}},
  author = {Deleshwar Kumar and Akash Gupta and Kamal Shah and Trupti Tuse and Sumit Sahu and Nagendra Singh Chauhan and Sanjay Kumar Gupta},
  journal = {Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100892},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100892},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of polyherbal formulation on cognitive functions in a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model: a spatial memory and learning perspective
AU  - Deleshwar Kumar
AU  - Akash Gupta
AU  - Kamal Shah
AU  - Trupti Tuse
AU  - Sumit Sahu
AU  - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
AU  - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
JO  - Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine
DO  - 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100892
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100892
AB  - Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Bacopa monnieri are medicinal plants traditionally used in Asian medicine for improving general health, and neurological and cognitive health. Based on their reported antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cognitive-enhancing effects, this study evaluated a polyherbal formulation containing these plants against scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive deficit in mice. Methods: Swiss albino mice were assigned to five groups (n = 6): normal, SCO control, piracetam, and two polyherbal formulation groups (PF1 and PF2). Cognitive impairment was induced using SCO (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Formulations were administered orally, and cognition was assessed using the T-maze, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze. Hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were determined, followed by histopathological examination. Result: SCO significantly impaired cognitive performance (p<0.001). Both polyherbal formulations improved behavioral parameters, with PF2 showing greater efficacy than PF1 (p<0.05 – 0.001). Treatment reduced hippocampal AChE, MDA, and NO levels while restoring GSH and GST activities. Histopathology confirmed the preservation of hippocampal neuronal architecture and reduced neurodegenerative changes, particularly with PF2. The higher-dose formulation produced neuroprotective effects comparable to piracetam. Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation attenuated SCO-induced cognitive deficits by improving cholinergic activity, restoring antioxidant defense, and preserving neuronal integrity. These findings support its potential as a complementary therapeutic strategy for cognitive impairment, warranting further investigation through phytochemical standardization, mechanistic studies, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and clinical validation.
SN  - 2667-1425
ER  -