Prevalence of hyponatremia and its association with respiratory failure in lung cancer patients admitted through emergency room.
- 1Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan Hospital National Respiratory Center, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Abstract
Background
Hyponatremia and respiratory failure are common in cancer patients, but their relationship among lung cancer patients remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia and its association with respiratory failure on admission among lung cancer patients presenting to the emergency room (ER).Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024, in the ER of Persahabatan Hospital. Adults with histopathologically confirmed or previously established, untreated lung cancer were consecutively enrolled. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium <135 mmol/L, and respiratory failure as PaO₂ <60 mmHg or PaCO₂ >45 mmHg. Associations were analyzed using bivariate analysis and simplified exploratory multivariable logistic regression.Results
Among 101 patients, hyponatremia and respiratory failure occurred in 51.5% and 20.8%, respectively. Respiratory failure was more frequent with hyponatremia than without hyponatremia (34.6% vs. 6.1%; odds ratio [OR]: 8.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21-29.79; P < 0.001). In the exploratory multivariable model, hyponatremia (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.05, 95% CI: 1.58-23.14; P = 0.009) and tuberculosis (aOR 8.05, 95% CI: 1.73-37.37; P = 0.008) remained associated with respiratory failure. The model showed acceptable discrimination (area under the curve: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.652-0.885), with sensitivity 85.7% (95% CI: 63.7%-97.0%), specificity 56.3% (95% CI: 44.7%-67.3%), positive predictive value 34.0% (95% CI: 21.5%-48.3%), and negative predictive value 93.8% (95% CI: 82.8%-98.7%).Conclusion
Among lung cancer patients, hyponatremia was prevalent and associated with respiratory failure at ER admission. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating.
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BibTeX
@article{notariza2026prevalence,
title = {{Prevalence of hyponatremia and its association with respiratory failure in lung cancer patients admitted through emergency room.}},
author = {Kemas Rakhmat Notariza and Jamal Zaini and Menaldi Rasmin and Triya Damayanti and Elisna Syahruddin and Heidy Agustin and Feni Fitriani Taufik and Dicky Soehardiman and Fariz Nurwidya},
journal = {Annals of thoracic medicine},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.4103/atm.atm_50_26},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42936302},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Prevalence of hyponatremia and its association with respiratory failure in lung cancer patients admitted through emergency room.
AU - Kemas Rakhmat Notariza
AU - Jamal Zaini
AU - Menaldi Rasmin
AU - Triya Damayanti
AU - Elisna Syahruddin
AU - Heidy Agustin
AU - Feni Fitriani Taufik
AU - Dicky Soehardiman
AU - Fariz Nurwidya
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/10
JO - Annals of thoracic medicine
DO - 10.4103/atm.atm_50_26
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42936302
AB - Background Hyponatremia and respiratory failure are common in cancer patients, but their relationship among lung cancer patients remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia and its association with respiratory failure on admission among lung cancer patients presenting to the emergency room (ER).Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024, in the ER of Persahabatan Hospital. Adults with histopathologically confirmed or previously established, untreated lung cancer were consecutively enrolled. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium <135 mmol/L, and respiratory failure as PaO₂ <60 mmHg or PaCO₂ >45 mmHg. Associations were analyzed using bivariate analysis and simplified exploratory multivariable logistic regression.Results Among 101 patients, hyponatremia and respiratory failure occurred in 51.5% and 20.8%, respectively. Respiratory failure was more frequent with hyponatremia than without hyponatremia (34.6% vs. 6.1%; odds ratio [OR]: 8.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21-29.79; P < 0.001). In the exploratory multivariable model, hyponatremia (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.05, 95% CI: 1.58-23.14; P = 0.009) and tuberculosis (aOR 8.05, 95% CI: 1.73-37.37; P = 0.008) remained associated with respiratory failure. The model showed acceptable discrimination (area under the curve: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.652-0.885), with sensitivity 85.7% (95% CI: 63.7%-97.0%), specificity 56.3% (95% CI: 44.7%-67.3%), positive predictive value 34.0% (95% CI: 21.5%-48.3%), and negative predictive value 93.8% (95% CI: 82.8%-98.7%).Conclusion Among lung cancer patients, hyponatremia was prevalent and associated with respiratory failure at ER admission. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating.
SN - 1817-1737
SN - 1998-3557
ER -