Beamfocusing Beyond the Near Field: Frequency Diverse Arrays for OFDM-ISAC Systems
Abstract
Traditional phased arrays (PAs) achieve near-field (NF) beamfocusing through spherical wavefront curvature, but lose this range selectivity in the far field (FF). Frequency diverse arrays (FDAs) instead introduce frequency offsets across antenna elements. These offsets synthesize a range-dependent beam whose beamdepth is governed by the aggregate frequency-offset span rather than the physical aperture, thereby extending finite beamdepth into the FF. Although FDAs have been extensively studied for radar, their broader potential for wireless communications remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, this article examines how this capability can support wireless communications and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). We compare PA and FDA focusing mechanisms, explain FDA coupling and periodicities, and assess coexistence with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). Integer-multiple offsets preserve alignment with the OFDM subcarrier grid and avoid offset-induced intercarrier interference under ideal synchronization, but require suitable symbol mapping and receiver processing. We also distinguish FDA beamdepth from waveform-based radar range resolution and discuss their complementary roles in sensing. For the configurations studied, FDAs offer no additional single-user spatial degrees of freedom. Interestingly, their principal benefit is multiuser separation through location division multiple access (LDMA). Numerical case studies under an idealized FDA channel model show that FDA-LDMA achieves higher sum-rates than PA-based schemes for users with small angular separation in the FF, even after accounting for the bandwidth reserved for frequency offsets.
Related
- Frequency sorting in graded dispersive resonator arrays via volume-interaction matrices
- Beamfocusing Versus Airy Beams: Does Antenna Blockage Require Beam Bending?
- Beyond Legacy L1 C/A: Characterizing Advanced Multi-Frequency Spoofing Against Multi-Frequency GPS Receivers for Autonomous Navigation
- Minimax-Optimal Robust Identification of Continuous-Time Systems: Handling Narrow-Band Disturbances in the Frequency Domain
- Design of Attack-Resilient Load Frequency Control for Hybrid Wind–Diesel Power Systems Under Hybrid Cyber Attacks
BibTeX
@misc{akyazi2026beamfocusing,
title = {{Beamfocusing Beyond the Near Field: Frequency Diverse Arrays for OFDM-ISAC Systems}},
author = {Arda Akyazi and Ahmed Hussain and Asmaa Abdallah and Ahmed M. Eltawil and Abdulkadir Celik},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41415},
eprint = {2610.41415},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41415},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Beamfocusing Beyond the Near Field: Frequency Diverse Arrays for OFDM-ISAC Systems
AU - Arda Akyazi
AU - Ahmed Hussain
AU - Asmaa Abdallah
AU - Ahmed M. Eltawil
AU - Abdulkadir Celik
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41415
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41415
AB - Traditional phased arrays (PAs) achieve near-field (NF) beamfocusing through spherical wavefront curvature, but lose this range selectivity in the far field (FF). Frequency diverse arrays (FDAs) instead introduce frequency offsets across antenna elements. These offsets synthesize a range-dependent beam whose beamdepth is governed by the aggregate frequency-offset span rather than the physical aperture, thereby extending finite beamdepth into the FF. Although FDAs have been extensively studied for radar, their broader potential for wireless communications remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, this article examines how this capability can support wireless communications and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). We compare PA and FDA focusing mechanisms, explain FDA coupling and periodicities, and assess coexistence with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). Integer-multiple offsets preserve alignment with the OFDM subcarrier grid and avoid offset-induced intercarrier interference under ideal synchronization, but require suitable symbol mapping and receiver processing. We also distinguish FDA beamdepth from waveform-based radar range resolution and discuss their complementary roles in sensing. For the configurations studied, FDAs offer no additional single-user spatial degrees of freedom. Interestingly, their principal benefit is multiuser separation through location division multiple access (LDMA). Numerical case studies under an idealized FDA channel model show that FDA-LDMA achieves higher sum-rates than PA-based schemes for users with small angular separation in the FF, even after accounting for the bandwidth reserved for frequency offsets.
ER -