Awakening as a Trait-Level Transformation of Consciousness
Abstract
Awakening is reported across contemplative traditions yet remains poorly defined in science, where it is often conflated with transient states induced by meditation or psychedelics, obscuring its significance for theories of consciousness and cognitive architecture. We treat awakening as a functional construct capturing convergence across Hindu and Buddhist sources, phenomenological and psychometric findings, and neuroimaging evidence. Synthesizing these literatures, we find convergent evidence for reorganization across dimensions including self-related processing, affective reactivity, and temporal structure, while exposing limits of paradigms for detecting trait-level change. We argue that awakening is best understood not as a transient state but as a trait-level reorganization of experience, centered on a reduction in identification with mental contents rather than the acquisition of new content. To account for this contentless transformation, we propose the enactive-dereification model (EDM), which treats training and awakening as graded differences along a dereification gradient, from a reified to a relational mode of experience. We offer an operational definition that distinguishes awakening from state-dependent experiences and psychopathology, emphasizing dynamical flexibility and stabilization of a dereified mode. The framework yields falsifiable predictions linking independently assessed trait transformation to large-scale neural dynamics and provides a basis for distinguishing adaptive contemplative change from pathological ego-dissolution.
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BibTeX
@misc{ihalainen2026awakening,
title = {{Awakening as a Trait-Level Transformation of Consciousness}},
author = {Riku Ihalainen and Victor Oswald and Gulshan Kumar and Genevieve Major and Balachundhar Subramaniam and Steven Laureys and Prejaas K. B. Tewarie},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20856},
eprint = {2610.20856},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20856},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Awakening as a Trait-Level Transformation of Consciousness
AU - Riku Ihalainen
AU - Victor Oswald
AU - Gulshan Kumar
AU - Genevieve Major
AU - Balachundhar Subramaniam
AU - Steven Laureys
AU - Prejaas K. B. Tewarie
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20856
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20856
AB - Awakening is reported across contemplative traditions yet remains poorly defined in science, where it is often conflated with transient states induced by meditation or psychedelics, obscuring its significance for theories of consciousness and cognitive architecture. We treat awakening as a functional construct capturing convergence across Hindu and Buddhist sources, phenomenological and psychometric findings, and neuroimaging evidence. Synthesizing these literatures, we find convergent evidence for reorganization across dimensions including self-related processing, affective reactivity, and temporal structure, while exposing limits of paradigms for detecting trait-level change. We argue that awakening is best understood not as a transient state but as a trait-level reorganization of experience, centered on a reduction in identification with mental contents rather than the acquisition of new content. To account for this contentless transformation, we propose the enactive-dereification model (EDM), which treats training and awakening as graded differences along a dereification gradient, from a reified to a relational mode of experience. We offer an operational definition that distinguishes awakening from state-dependent experiences and psychopathology, emphasizing dynamical flexibility and stabilization of a dereified mode. The framework yields falsifiable predictions linking independently assessed trait transformation to large-scale neural dynamics and provides a basis for distinguishing adaptive contemplative change from pathological ego-dissolution.
ER -