Reproductive factors and mortality risk: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)
- 1Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 2Foundation for Research & Education Excellence, Vestavia Hills, Al USA
- 3Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: While reproductive history is recognized as a determinant of women’s long-term health, its impact on mortality risk remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the association between key reproductive factors and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population.
Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 5,165 women (aged ≥ 20 years) with a history of at least one pregnancy. Associations between reproductive factors and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education, physical activity levels, diabetes history, hypertension history, and dyslipidemia.
Results: Over the follow-up period, 497 deaths were recorded, representing 9.6% of participants; 168 deaths were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 96 to cancer, accounting for 33.8% and 19.4% of all deaths, respectively. Late menarche was associated with increased all-cause and cancer-related mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.52 and 2.04, respectively. Recurrent abortion was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12–1.77). Women with parity ≥ 3 had higher risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality compared with those with parity 1–2.
Conclusion: Reproductive characteristics, particularly late menarche, recurrent abortion, and high parity, were associated with increased long-term mortality risk. These findings support further investigation of reproductive characteristics as potential markers of long-term mortality risk.
Related
- Association of Traditional and Emerging Anthropometric Indices With Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Young Healthy Adults: Insights From the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
- Inflammatory Markers in Women with Endometriosis Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Matched Cohort Study from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
- Identifying the factors and causes of homelessness tendency: a qualitative study in Tehran
- Risk factors of caustic agent ingestion in a single center in Tehran.
- Postoperative Mortality and Risk Factors in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery: Insights From the Japanese Registry Data.
BibTeX
@article{pezhdam2026reproductive,
title = {{Reproductive factors and mortality risk: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)}},
author = {Paria Pezhdam and Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani and Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz and Mahbanoo Farhadi-Azar and Maryam Farahmand and Fereidoun Azizi and Maryam Mousavi},
journal = {Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB\&E},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Reproductive factors and mortality risk: insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)
AU - Paria Pezhdam
AU - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
AU - Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
AU - Mahbanoo Farhadi-Azar
AU - Maryam Farahmand
AU - Fereidoun Azizi
AU - Maryam Mousavi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/12
JO - Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E
DO - 10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01604-2
AB - Background: While reproductive history is recognized as a determinant of women’s long-term health, its impact on mortality risk remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the association between key reproductive factors and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population. Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 5,165 women (aged ≥ 20 years) with a history of at least one pregnancy. Associations between reproductive factors and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education, physical activity levels, diabetes history, hypertension history, and dyslipidemia. Results: Over the follow-up period, 497 deaths were recorded, representing 9.6% of participants; 168 deaths were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 96 to cancer, accounting for 33.8% and 19.4% of all deaths, respectively. Late menarche was associated with increased all-cause and cancer-related mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.52 and 2.04, respectively. Recurrent abortion was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12–1.77). Women with parity ≥ 3 had higher risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality compared with those with parity 1–2. Conclusion: Reproductive characteristics, particularly late menarche, recurrent abortion, and high parity, were associated with increased long-term mortality risk. These findings support further investigation of reproductive characteristics as potential markers of long-term mortality risk.
SN - 1477-7827
ER -