Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess factors affecting the role effectiveness of intravenous therapy specialist nurses in Beijing, China.
- 1Department of Nursing, Beijing Hospital, National Center for Gerontology, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
- 2Beijing Hospital, National Center for Gerontology, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Despite the growing workforce of intravenous therapy (IV) specialist nurses in China, substantial underutilization remains a significant challenge. The effective use of IV specialist nurses is influenced by a complex interplay of factors. However, no comprehensive instrument currently exists to assess these factors in the Chinese healthcare context systematically. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a questionnaire to assess factors affecting the role effectiveness of IV therapy specialist nurses in China.Methods
The preliminary questionnaire was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, two rounds of expert consultation, and a pilot survey. The final questionnaire was administered to 670 IV therapy specialist nurses from 62 hospitals in Beijing, China, between March and April 2025. Psychometric evaluation included content validity (I-CVI, S-CVI), item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing (Cronbach's α, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability).Results
The final questionnaire consisted of 17 items across two dimensions. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.969, with split-half reliability of 0.960 and test-retest reliability of 0.990. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.991. EFA extracted two factors explaining 71.047% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.643 to 0.924. CFA produced the following fit indices: χ²/df =3.856, RMSEA = 0.092, SRMR =0.0383, GFI =0.860, CFI =0.947, IFI =0.947, NFI =0.930, and RFI =0.918. The average variance extracted (AVE) values for the two factors were 0.707 and 0.724, and composite reliability (CR) values were 0.960 and 0.948.Conclusions
The final model showed improved fit, with most indices meeting recommended thresholds, although RMSEA remained above the recommended cut-off, suggesting that the instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing factors affecting the role effectiveness of IV therapy specialist nurses in Beijing, China. Further multicenter studies with larger, more diverse, and independent samples across China are needed to confirm its generalizability, and further refine the instrument for broader application.
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BibTeX
@article{nie2026development,
title = {{Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess factors affecting the role effectiveness of intravenous therapy specialist nurses in Beijing, China.}},
author = {Shengxiao Nie and Hong Sun},
journal = {BMC nursing},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12912-026-05168-9},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958280},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess factors affecting the role effectiveness of intravenous therapy specialist nurses in Beijing, China.
AU - Shengxiao Nie
AU - Hong Sun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - BMC nursing
DO - 10.1186/s12912-026-05168-9
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958280
AB - Background Despite the growing workforce of intravenous therapy (IV) specialist nurses in China, substantial underutilization remains a significant challenge. The effective use of IV specialist nurses is influenced by a complex interplay of factors. However, no comprehensive instrument currently exists to assess these factors in the Chinese healthcare context systematically. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a questionnaire to assess factors affecting the role effectiveness of IV therapy specialist nurses in China.Methods The preliminary questionnaire was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, two rounds of expert consultation, and a pilot survey. The final questionnaire was administered to 670 IV therapy specialist nurses from 62 hospitals in Beijing, China, between March and April 2025. Psychometric evaluation included content validity (I-CVI, S-CVI), item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing (Cronbach's α, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability).Results The final questionnaire consisted of 17 items across two dimensions. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.969, with split-half reliability of 0.960 and test-retest reliability of 0.990. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.991. EFA extracted two factors explaining 71.047% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.643 to 0.924. CFA produced the following fit indices: χ²/df =3.856, RMSEA = 0.092, SRMR =0.0383, GFI =0.860, CFI =0.947, IFI =0.947, NFI =0.930, and RFI =0.918. The average variance extracted (AVE) values for the two factors were 0.707 and 0.724, and composite reliability (CR) values were 0.960 and 0.948.Conclusions The final model showed improved fit, with most indices meeting recommended thresholds, although RMSEA remained above the recommended cut-off, suggesting that the instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing factors affecting the role effectiveness of IV therapy specialist nurses in Beijing, China. Further multicenter studies with larger, more diverse, and independent samples across China are needed to confirm its generalizability, and further refine the instrument for broader application.
SN - 1472-6955
ER -