Portable polysomnography-derived multi-domain EEG markers of anesthetic state transitions during propofol anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
5 affiliations
- 1Sleep Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China.
- 2Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- 3Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- 4Sleep Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China. [email protected].
- 5Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Propofol anesthesia is widely used for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, but electroencephalographic (EEG) features of anesthetic state transitions in this brief and stimulus-rich setting remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to describe clinically interpretable EEG markers across anesthetic stages using portable polysomnography (PSG)-derived six-channel EEG.Methods
In this prospective observational study, 31 adults undergoing GI endoscopy under propofol-based anesthesia underwent continuous portable PSG recording. EEG analyses focused on six scalp channels (F3, F4, C3, C4, O1, and O2) across four clinically defined stages: baseline, induction, maintenance, and recovery. Relative spectral power, spectral edge frequency at 95% cumulative power (SEF95), and spindle-like event metrics were quantified. Sensor-level functional connectivity was assessed using weighted phase-lag index, imaginary coherence, and amplitude envelope correlation (AEC). Spectral and spindle-like event measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and connectivity differences were assessed using permutation-based paired tests with false discovery rate correction.Results
Relative delta power decreased from baseline and induction to maintenance and recovery, whereas theta, alpha, sigma, and beta relative power and SEF95 generally increased. Spindle-like event density differed across stages and was highest during recovery, while mean duration and peak frequency remained relatively stable within the 11-16 Hz range. Functional connectivity showed metric-specific modulation: AEC demonstrated the most widespread stage-related differences, whereas phase-based connectivity measures showed only limited edge-specific changes after correction for multiple comparisons.Conclusions
Portable PSG-derived six-channel EEG captured stage-related spectral, spindle-like event, and sensor-level connectivity changes during propofol anesthesia for GI endoscopy. These findings identify candidate EEG features for future evaluation of emergence detection and atypical anesthetic-state identification during procedural anesthesia. Their utility for real-time propofol titration or excessive-sedation warning requires prospective validation.
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BibTeX
@article{li2026portable,
title = {{Portable polysomnography-derived multi-domain EEG markers of anesthetic state transitions during propofol anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy.}},
author = {Huimin Li and Yibo Zhao and Yanan Zhang and Aiyue Pei and Fudong Li and Yaru Wang and Lijia Cai and Zan Wang},
journal = {BMC anesthesiology},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12871-026-04125-y},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902139},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Portable polysomnography-derived multi-domain EEG markers of anesthetic state transitions during propofol anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
AU - Huimin Li
AU - Yibo Zhao
AU - Yanan Zhang
AU - Aiyue Pei
AU - Fudong Li
AU - Yaru Wang
AU - Lijia Cai
AU - Zan Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC anesthesiology
DO - 10.1186/s12871-026-04125-y
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902139
AB - Background Propofol anesthesia is widely used for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, but electroencephalographic (EEG) features of anesthetic state transitions in this brief and stimulus-rich setting remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to describe clinically interpretable EEG markers across anesthetic stages using portable polysomnography (PSG)-derived six-channel EEG.Methods In this prospective observational study, 31 adults undergoing GI endoscopy under propofol-based anesthesia underwent continuous portable PSG recording. EEG analyses focused on six scalp channels (F3, F4, C3, C4, O1, and O2) across four clinically defined stages: baseline, induction, maintenance, and recovery. Relative spectral power, spectral edge frequency at 95% cumulative power (SEF95), and spindle-like event metrics were quantified. Sensor-level functional connectivity was assessed using weighted phase-lag index, imaginary coherence, and amplitude envelope correlation (AEC). Spectral and spindle-like event measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and connectivity differences were assessed using permutation-based paired tests with false discovery rate correction.Results Relative delta power decreased from baseline and induction to maintenance and recovery, whereas theta, alpha, sigma, and beta relative power and SEF95 generally increased. Spindle-like event density differed across stages and was highest during recovery, while mean duration and peak frequency remained relatively stable within the 11-16 Hz range. Functional connectivity showed metric-specific modulation: AEC demonstrated the most widespread stage-related differences, whereas phase-based connectivity measures showed only limited edge-specific changes after correction for multiple comparisons.Conclusions Portable PSG-derived six-channel EEG captured stage-related spectral, spindle-like event, and sensor-level connectivity changes during propofol anesthesia for GI endoscopy. These findings identify candidate EEG features for future evaluation of emergence detection and atypical anesthetic-state identification during procedural anesthesia. Their utility for real-time propofol titration or excessive-sedation warning requires prospective validation.
SN - 1471-2253
ER -