Production of Leptophilic Bosons in Ultradegenerate Relativistic Matter
Abstract
Neutron stars (NSs) are powerful factories for new particles with masses up to the 100~keV range. These compact stars contain significant amounts of protons, electrons, and muons. We deduce the emission rates for new scalar, vector, and pseudoscalar bosons coupling to electrons and muons. For muonic vector bosons, in addition to direct emission from leptons in incoherent scatterings with the medium, a competing channel is the coherent excitation of the lepton population electromagnetically induced by incoherent hadronic scatterings - an effective in-medium coupling. For muonic scalar bosons, emission from the effective in-medium coupling to electrons is always dominant due to their relativistically boosted emission. Pseudoscalars can only be emitted through incoherent leptonic scatterings. If protons are superconducting, the scalar and vector energy loss rates scale as T4, the pseudoscalar ones as T6, to be compared with T8 for neutrino losses by the modified Urca (MUrca) process. For normal-conducting protons, the damping of transverse photons implies instead scalings with a power T11/3 for scalars, and T17/3 for pseudoscalars; vectors, emitted by nonrelativistic protons in the nonsuperconducting regime, still scale as T4. Our results can be used to constrain the leptophilic coupling strengths through observed NS cooling ages.
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BibTeX
@misc{fiorillo2026production,
title = {{Production of Leptophilic Bosons in Ultradegenerate Relativistic Matter}},
author = {Damiano F. G. Fiorillo and Alessandro Lella and Georg G. Raffelt and Nudzeim Selimovic and Edoardo Vitagliano},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.24081},
eprint = {2605.24081},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24081},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Production of Leptophilic Bosons in Ultradegenerate Relativistic Matter
AU - Damiano F. G. Fiorillo
AU - Alessandro Lella
AU - Georg G. Raffelt
AU - Nudzeim Selimovic
AU - Edoardo Vitagliano
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.24081
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24081
AB - Neutron stars (NSs) are powerful factories for new particles with masses up to the 100~keV range. These compact stars contain significant amounts of protons, electrons, and muons. We deduce the emission rates for new scalar, vector, and pseudoscalar bosons coupling to electrons and muons. For muonic vector bosons, in addition to direct emission from leptons in incoherent scatterings with the medium, a competing channel is the coherent excitation of the lepton population electromagnetically induced by incoherent hadronic scatterings - an effective in-medium coupling. For muonic scalar bosons, emission from the effective in-medium coupling to electrons is always dominant due to their relativistically boosted emission. Pseudoscalars can only be emitted through incoherent leptonic scatterings. If protons are superconducting, the scalar and vector energy loss rates scale as T^4, the pseudoscalar ones as T^6, to be compared with T^8 for neutrino losses by the modified Urca (MUrca) process. For normal-conducting protons, the damping of transverse photons implies instead scalings with a power T^11/3 for scalars, and T^17/3 for pseudoscalars; vectors, emitted by nonrelativistic protons in the nonsuperconducting regime, still scale as T^4. Our results can be used to constrain the leptophilic coupling strengths through observed NS cooling ages.
ER -