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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Metabolites

Beyond BMI: Associations of Body-Shape Indices with CBC-Derived Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Kamil Konur1
  • Erol Karavar1
  • Oğuzhan Kesen2
  • Mümin Murat Yazıcı3
  • Çağlayan Keklikkıran4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53020, Turkey
  2. 2Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53020, Turkey
  3. 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital, Rize 53020, Turkey
  4. 4Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53020, Turkey
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, metabolic dysregulation, and low-grade inflammation, but body mass index (BMI) may not fully capture body-shape variation in established MetS. We investigated whether body-shape indices were associated with complete blood count (CBC)–derived systemic inflammatory indices after accounting for BMI. Methods: In this cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, 331 adults with MetS were evaluated. Weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) was the primary anthropometric variable and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) the primary inflammatory variable. Body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), conicity index, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed as secondary anthropometric measures, together with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and BMI. Results: WWI was not significantly associated with log-SIRI after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking, and BMI (standardized β = 0.067, 95% CI −0.052 to 0.185; p = 0.268). Adding WWI increased R2 from 0.091 to 0.094 (ΔR2 = 0.0034; partial R2 = 0.0038). None of the secondary anthropometric–inflammatory associations was statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed no evidence of a nonlinear WWI–SIRI association (P-nonlinear = 0.582). Additional covariate analyses in which C-reactive protein, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, coronary artery disease and heart failure were added separately did not materially alter the WWI estimate. Conclusions: In adults with established MetS, we did not detect significant associations between WWI or other body-shape indices and CBC-derived systemic inflammatory indices after adjustment for BMI. These findings do not exclude smaller associations that may not have been detectable in this cohort.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{konur2026beyond,
  title = {{Beyond BMI: Associations of Body-Shape Indices with CBC-Derived Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study}},
  author = {Kamil Konur and Erol Karavar and Oğuzhan Kesen and Mümin Murat Yazıcı and Çağlayan Keklikkıran},
  journal = {Metabolites},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/metabo16100762},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/762},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond BMI: Associations of Body-Shape Indices with CBC-Derived Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
AU  - Kamil Konur
AU  - Erol Karavar
AU  - Oğuzhan Kesen
AU  - Mümin Murat Yazıcı
AU  - Çağlayan Keklikkıran
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Metabolites
DO  - 10.3390/metabo16100762
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/762
AB  - Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, metabolic dysregulation, and low-grade inflammation, but body mass index (BMI) may not fully capture body-shape variation in established MetS. We investigated whether body-shape indices were associated with complete blood count (CBC)–derived systemic inflammatory indices after accounting for BMI. Methods: In this cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, 331 adults with MetS were evaluated. Weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) was the primary anthropometric variable and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) the primary inflammatory variable. Body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), conicity index, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed as secondary anthropometric measures, together with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and BMI. Results: WWI was not significantly associated with log-SIRI after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking, and BMI (standardized β = 0.067, 95% CI −0.052 to 0.185; p = 0.268). Adding WWI increased R2 from 0.091 to 0.094 (ΔR2 = 0.0034; partial R2 = 0.0038). None of the secondary anthropometric–inflammatory associations was statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed no evidence of a nonlinear WWI–SIRI association (P-nonlinear = 0.582). Additional covariate analyses in which C-reactive protein, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, coronary artery disease and heart failure were added separately did not materially alter the WWI estimate. Conclusions: In adults with established MetS, we did not detect significant associations between WWI or other body-shape indices and CBC-derived systemic inflammatory indices after adjustment for BMI. These findings do not exclude smaller associations that may not have been detectable in this cohort.
SN  - 2218-1989
ER  -