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Peer-reviewedCC BYMetabolism Open

Heterogeneity in Relation of Body Composition from BIA and DXA to handgrip strength and isokinetic knee strength

  • Jian Geng1
  • Fayan Liu2
  • Kexin Wang1
  • Chaoying Liu2
  • Zitong Cheng1
  • Yi Yuan1
  • Bo Hu1
  • Jing Zheng1
  • Qingyu Zhang1
  • Jiabao Mo3
  • Xiaoguang Cheng4
  • Ling Wang4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
  2. 2Guizhou Medical University, China
  3. 3Serviço de Radiologia e Imagiologia, Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, China
  4. 4Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the relationship between body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with muscle strength in the same cohort of community-dwelling adults, and to compare the associations of these two modalities for handgrip and lower limb muscle strength. Methods: A total of 94 community-dwelling adults (59 women, 35 men) aged ≥40 years underwent body composition assessment using DXA and BIA, along with isokinetic knee strength and handgrip strength measurements. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine associations between body composition parameters and muscle strength, stratified by sex where appropriate. Results: In the fully adjusted models (age, BMI, and sex), BIA-derived parameters remained significantly associated with handgrip strength (e.g., UEFFM: β = 0.646, p < 0.001; FFM: β = 0.428, p < 0.05), whereas most DXA-derived parameters were no longer significant. For knee extensor strength, DXA-derived appendicular and leg-specific lean mass indices remained significant (ALM: β = 0.579, p < 0.01; LELM: β = 0.510, p < 0.01), while among BIA parameters only FFM remained significant (β = 0.542, p < 0.05). For knee flexor strength, both DXA- and BIA-derived parameters showed significant associations (e.g., DXA ALM: β = 0.551, p < 0.01; BIA FFM: β = 0.650, p < 0.01). Segment-specific analyses revealed that lower limb strength correlated more strongly with leg-specific lean mass, while handgrip strength showed closer associations with arm-specific measures. Conclusion: After adjustment for age, BMI, and sex, BIA and DXA showed modality-specific associations with muscle strength. BIA was more strongly associated with handgrip strength, whereas DXA-derived height-adjusted indices were more strongly associated with lower limb strength. These findings support the tailored use of BIA and DXA in functional assessment, although neither method directly measures skeletal muscle mass.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{geng2026heterogeneity,
  title = {{Heterogeneity in Relation of Body Composition from BIA and DXA to handgrip strength and isokinetic knee strength}},
  author = {Jian Geng and Fayan Liu and Kexin Wang and Chaoying Liu and Zitong Cheng and Yi Yuan and Bo Hu and Jing Zheng and Qingyu Zhang and Jiabao Mo and Xiaoguang Cheng and Ling Wang},
  journal = {Metabolism Open},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1016/j.metop.2026.100516},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2026.100516},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Heterogeneity in Relation of Body Composition from BIA and DXA to handgrip strength and isokinetic knee strength
AU  - Jian Geng
AU  - Fayan Liu
AU  - Kexin Wang
AU  - Chaoying Liu
AU  - Zitong Cheng
AU  - Yi Yuan
AU  - Bo Hu
AU  - Jing Zheng
AU  - Qingyu Zhang
AU  - Jiabao Mo
AU  - Xiaoguang Cheng
AU  - Ling Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - Metabolism Open
DO  - 10.1016/j.metop.2026.100516
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2026.100516
AB  - Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the relationship between body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with muscle strength in the same cohort of community-dwelling adults, and to compare the associations of these two modalities for handgrip and lower limb muscle strength. Methods: A total of 94 community-dwelling adults (59 women, 35 men) aged ≥40 years underwent body composition assessment using DXA and BIA, along with isokinetic knee strength and handgrip strength measurements. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine associations between body composition parameters and muscle strength, stratified by sex where appropriate. Results: In the fully adjusted models (age, BMI, and sex), BIA-derived parameters remained significantly associated with handgrip strength (e.g., UEFFM: β = 0.646, p < 0.001; FFM: β = 0.428, p < 0.05), whereas most DXA-derived parameters were no longer significant. For knee extensor strength, DXA-derived appendicular and leg-specific lean mass indices remained significant (ALM: β = 0.579, p < 0.01; LELM: β = 0.510, p < 0.01), while among BIA parameters only FFM remained significant (β = 0.542, p < 0.05). For knee flexor strength, both DXA- and BIA-derived parameters showed significant associations (e.g., DXA ALM: β = 0.551, p < 0.01; BIA FFM: β = 0.650, p < 0.01). Segment-specific analyses revealed that lower limb strength correlated more strongly with leg-specific lean mass, while handgrip strength showed closer associations with arm-specific measures. Conclusion: After adjustment for age, BMI, and sex, BIA and DXA showed modality-specific associations with muscle strength. BIA was more strongly associated with handgrip strength, whereas DXA-derived height-adjusted indices were more strongly associated with lower limb strength. These findings support the tailored use of BIA and DXA in functional assessment, although neither method directly measures skeletal muscle mass.
SN  - 2589-9368
ER  -