Inferring the Number of Quantum State Transfers with Neural Networks
Abstract
Repeated-use quantum state transfer (QST) goes beyond the single-use paradigm by accounting for the memory that accumulates inside the transmission channel when it is not reset between uses. Consequently, the map governing the nth use of the channel differs from use to use and carries a signature of each previous use. We ask whether this use number can be recovered from transmission data alone, and show that it can: a simple feed-forward neural network, given as input the Bloch vectors sent and received over a single use of an XX spin-chain channel, is able to identify the use number with an accuracy exceeding 90%. Exploiting the U(1) symmetry of the channel, we find that a reduced two-component representation of the transmitted states improves the accuracy further, to about 95%. We characterise the dependence of the classifier on the size and composition of the training data, finding that the number of sampled states and of sampled timings are equally important. We also identify the data set sizes required to reach a given accuracy. Finally, we quantify the severity of the residual misclassifications with an earth-mover distance on the confusion matrix.
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BibTeX
@misc{zammit2026inferring,
title = {{Inferring the Number of Quantum State Transfers with Neural Networks}},
author = {Hayden Zammit and Tony J. G. Apollaro and Gianluca Valentino and Johann A. Briffa},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38844},
eprint = {2610.38844},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38844},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Inferring the Number of Quantum State Transfers with Neural Networks
AU - Hayden Zammit
AU - Tony J. G. Apollaro
AU - Gianluca Valentino
AU - Johann A. Briffa
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38844
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38844
AB - Repeated-use quantum state transfer (QST) goes beyond the single-use paradigm by accounting for the memory that accumulates inside the transmission channel when it is not reset between uses. Consequently, the map governing the n^th use of the channel differs from use to use and carries a signature of each previous use. We ask whether this use number can be recovered from transmission data alone, and show that it can: a simple feed-forward neural network, given as input the Bloch vectors sent and received over a single use of an XX spin-chain channel, is able to identify the use number with an accuracy exceeding 90%. Exploiting the U(1) symmetry of the channel, we find that a reduced two-component representation of the transmitted states improves the accuracy further, to about 95%. We characterise the dependence of the classifier on the size and composition of the training data, finding that the number of sampled states and of sampled timings are equally important. We also identify the data set sizes required to reach a given accuracy. Finally, we quantify the severity of the residual misclassifications with an earth-mover distance on the confusion matrix.
ER -