Chiral matching of dimension-7 baryon-number-violating operators and application to ΔI=3/2 nucleon decays

Abstract

We study chiral matching of dimension-7 (dim-7) baryon-number-violating operators in low-energy effective field theory. We show that all dim-7 operators can be classified into two distinct Lorentz structures and their chirality-flipped counterparts, and we derive their leading-order hadronic realizations in chiral perturbation theory. As an application, we systematically investigate ΔI=3/2 nucleon decays, including n→ ℓ^-π⁺, p→ ℓ^- π⁺π⁺, and n→ ℓ^- π⁺ (π⁰, η), with ℓ=e, μ. Using existing experimental bounds on n→ ℓ^-π⁺, we set stringent constraints on the relevant Wilson coefficients and derive improved lower limits on the partial lifetimes of the six three-body modes from their correlations with the two-body modes. We further present a concrete ultraviolet model that generates the dim-7 operators and the associated ΔI=3/2 nucleon decays at leading order. Our results pave the way for exploring dim-7 contributions to nucleon decays and motivate future searches for these exotic modes.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{ma2026chiral,
  title = {{Chiral matching of dimension-7 baryon-number-violating operators and application to $ΔI=3/2$ nucleon decays}},
  author = {Xiao-Dong Ma},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.08785},
  eprint = {2609.08785},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08785},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Chiral matching of dimension-7 baryon-number-violating operators and application to ΔI=3/2 nucleon decays
AU  - Xiao-Dong Ma
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/08
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.08785
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08785
AB  - We study chiral matching of dimension-7 (dim-7) baryon-number-violating operators in low-energy effective field theory. We show that all dim-7 operators can be classified into two distinct Lorentz structures and their chirality-flipped counterparts, and we derive their leading-order hadronic realizations in chiral perturbation theory. As an application, we systematically investigate ΔI=3/2 nucleon decays, including n→ ℓ^-π^+, p→ ℓ^- π^+π^+, and n→ ℓ^- π^+ (π^0, η), with ℓ=e, μ. Using existing experimental bounds on n→ ℓ^-π^+, we set stringent constraints on the relevant Wilson coefficients and derive improved lower limits on the partial lifetimes of the six three-body modes from their correlations with the two-body modes. We further present a concrete ultraviolet model that generates the dim-7 operators and the associated ΔI=3/2 nucleon decays at leading order. Our results pave the way for exploring dim-7 contributions to nucleon decays and motivate future searches for these exotic modes.
ER  -

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