Baryon-number-violating nucleon decays into a dark photon particle
- 1Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University
- 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science
- 3Wuyi University
Abstract
A bstract : Baryon-number-violating (BNV) nucleon decays into a light new particle represent an exciting yet experimentally unexplored frontier. In this work, we systematically study nucleon decays into a dark photon using a low-energy effective field theory extended with a dark photon X , referred to as X LEFT. We first construct a complete set of leading-order BNV X LEFT operators and then perform a systematic matching onto the chiral perturbation theory for operators involving light u , d , s quarks that dominantly contribute to nucleon decays. Within the chiral framework, we derive general expressions for the decay widths of both two- and three-body nucleon decays and analyze the momentum distributions in the latter. Finally, we thoroughly reinterpret the existing experimental data on conventional two-body modes (into a lepton and a meson) to set lower bounds on partial lifetimes of the corresponding three-body modes involving an additional dark photon. These bounds allow us to further set stringent constraints on the X LEFT operators and other correlated decay modes. Our results provide a toolkit for future experimental and theoretical studies of these exotic nucleon decays.
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BibTeX
@article{liang2026baryonnumberviolating,
title = {{Baryon-number-violating nucleon decays into a dark photon particle}},
author = {Jin-Han Liang and Yi Liao and Xiao-Dong Ma and Xiang Zhao},
journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1007/jhep10(2026)100},
url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)100},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Baryon-number-violating nucleon decays into a dark photon particle
AU - Jin-Han Liang
AU - Yi Liao
AU - Xiao-Dong Ma
AU - Xiang Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
JO - Journal of High Energy Physics
DO - 10.1007/jhep10(2026)100
UR - https://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)100
AB - A bstract : Baryon-number-violating (BNV) nucleon decays into a light new particle represent an exciting yet experimentally unexplored frontier. In this work, we systematically study nucleon decays into a dark photon using a low-energy effective field theory extended with a dark photon X , referred to as X LEFT. We first construct a complete set of leading-order BNV X LEFT operators and then perform a systematic matching onto the chiral perturbation theory for operators involving light u , d , s quarks that dominantly contribute to nucleon decays. Within the chiral framework, we derive general expressions for the decay widths of both two- and three-body nucleon decays and analyze the momentum distributions in the latter. Finally, we thoroughly reinterpret the existing experimental data on conventional two-body modes (into a lepton and a meson) to set lower bounds on partial lifetimes of the corresponding three-body modes involving an additional dark photon. These bounds allow us to further set stringent constraints on the X LEFT operators and other correlated decay modes. Our results provide a toolkit for future experimental and theoretical studies of these exotic nucleon decays.
SN - 1029-8479
ER -