A Spatiotemporal Hybrid Integration Algorithm for Airborne Target Detection and Localization in Multi-Illuminator GNSS-Based Passive Radar.
- 1National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
Abstract
This paper addresses the fundamental power-budget limitation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based passive radar in aircraft detection and localization by exploiting multiple satellite illuminators for spatiotemporal hybrid integration. In contrast to single illuminator operation, cross-link coupling effects, manifested as disparate range and Doppler signatures across individual bistatic links, pose a formidable barrier to coherent energy combination. To surmount this challenge, we first introduce a unified kinematic vector (UKV) that projects the target state into a link decoupled common domain. The UKV encapsulates the target direction of arrival (DOA) and monostatic range, three parameters that remain approximately invariant across all bistatic links sharing a common receiver. Building upon the UKV, we develop an interlink range scaling alignment (IRSA) algorithm that coherently integrates target returns along a UKV-constrained trajectory and project the accumulated energy onto a shared monostatic-range, zero-Doppler grid. This registration aligns target responses from disparate links at a unified spatial coordinate, thereby enabling genuine signal-level fusion across illuminators. When applied across multiple coherent frames, UKV-IRSA elevates sub-noise target energy to clearly detectable levels. Extensive numerical simulations and real-data experiments corroborate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
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BibTeX
@article{xu2026spatiotemporal,
title = {{A Spatiotemporal Hybrid Integration Algorithm for Airborne Target Detection and Localization in Multi-Illuminator GNSS-Based Passive Radar.}},
author = {Fan Xu and Feng Luo and Zixuan He and Jiahao Han and Wanyao Wu and Linrang Zhang},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/s26206417},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944285},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Spatiotemporal Hybrid Integration Algorithm for Airborne Target Detection and Localization in Multi-Illuminator GNSS-Based Passive Radar.
AU - Fan Xu
AU - Feng Luo
AU - Zixuan He
AU - Jiahao Han
AU - Wanyao Wu
AU - Linrang Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/11
JO - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/s26206417
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944285
AB - This paper addresses the fundamental power-budget limitation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based passive radar in aircraft detection and localization by exploiting multiple satellite illuminators for spatiotemporal hybrid integration. In contrast to single illuminator operation, cross-link coupling effects, manifested as disparate range and Doppler signatures across individual bistatic links, pose a formidable barrier to coherent energy combination. To surmount this challenge, we first introduce a unified kinematic vector (UKV) that projects the target state into a link decoupled common domain. The UKV encapsulates the target direction of arrival (DOA) and monostatic range, three parameters that remain approximately invariant across all bistatic links sharing a common receiver. Building upon the UKV, we develop an interlink range scaling alignment (IRSA) algorithm that coherently integrates target returns along a UKV-constrained trajectory and project the accumulated energy onto a shared monostatic-range, zero-Doppler grid. This registration aligns target responses from disparate links at a unified spatial coordinate, thereby enabling genuine signal-level fusion across illuminators. When applied across multiple coherent frames, UKV-IRSA elevates sub-noise target energy to clearly detectable levels. Extensive numerical simulations and real-data experiments corroborate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
SN - 1424-8220
ER -