Inter-organ interaction axes in systemic inflammation: network pathological mechanisms, pharmacological targets, and precision treatment strategies
Abstract
Systemic inflammation plays a central role in both acute and chronic pathological states. Acute inflammation is often triggered by infections or trauma, characterized by rapid immune activation low-grade inflammation is closely associated with aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. During disease progression, inter-organ communication forms dynamic networks mediated by metabolites, immune factors, and neural signals, further amplifying the inflammatory response. This article focuses on three key inter-organ interaction axes: the gut-liver-brain axis, the adipose-muscle-bone axis, and the heart-kidney-lung axis. It discusses microbiota-driven metabolic neuroinflammation, immune-metabolic imbalance-induced tissue remodeling, and endothelial and microcirculatory damage in the context of multi-organ inflammation. Based on axis-specific molecular targets and spatiotemporal precision, pharmacological strategies are shifting from single-factor interventions to multitarget combination therapies. Meanwhile, innovative technologies such as single-cell multi-omics, spatial omics, artificial intelligence (AI), and organ-on-a-chip are expediting precision medicine approaches for the individualized treatment of systemic inflammation.
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BibTeX
@article{xie2026interorgan,
title = {{Inter-organ interaction axes in systemic inflammation: network pathological mechanisms, pharmacological targets, and precision treatment strategies}},
author = {Shuangbin Xie and Haoran Tian and Yanjuan Song and Fengxia Liang},
journal = {Frontiers in Pharmacology},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2026.1960543},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1960543},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Inter-organ interaction axes in systemic inflammation: network pathological mechanisms, pharmacological targets, and precision treatment strategies
AU - Shuangbin Xie
AU - Haoran Tian
AU - Yanjuan Song
AU - Fengxia Liang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - Frontiers in Pharmacology
DO - 10.3389/fphar.2026.1960543
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1960543
AB - Systemic inflammation plays a central role in both acute and chronic pathological states. Acute inflammation is often triggered by infections or trauma, characterized by rapid immune activation low-grade inflammation is closely associated with aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. During disease progression, inter-organ communication forms dynamic networks mediated by metabolites, immune factors, and neural signals, further amplifying the inflammatory response. This article focuses on three key inter-organ interaction axes: the gut-liver-brain axis, the adipose-muscle-bone axis, and the heart-kidney-lung axis. It discusses microbiota-driven metabolic neuroinflammation, immune-metabolic imbalance-induced tissue remodeling, and endothelial and microcirculatory damage in the context of multi-organ inflammation. Based on axis-specific molecular targets and spatiotemporal precision, pharmacological strategies are shifting from single-factor interventions to multitarget combination therapies. Meanwhile, innovative technologies such as single-cell multi-omics, spatial omics, artificial intelligence (AI), and organ-on-a-chip are expediting precision medicine approaches for the individualized treatment of systemic inflammation.
SN - 1663-9812
ER -