Planar fault-tolerant logical measurements with low qubit overhead
- 1Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics
Abstract
Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic reductions in qubit overhead, yet their logical operations remain a key challenge under planar hardware constraints. Here, we introduce code craft, a framework for designing fault-tolerant logical operations on planar BB codes within a translationally invariant, two-dimensional qubit lattice. By systematically deforming codes through local modifications—stretching, cutting, and painting—we enable the manipulation of logical qubits using strictly planar operations. We establish fault tolerance through numerical optimization of code distances and show that logical operations, including controlled-NOT gates, state transfers, and Pauli measurements, can be efficiently implemented within this framework to assemble an individually addressable logical qubit network. Universal quantum computation can then be realized by coupling just one BB-code logical qubit to a surface-code block. By combining the high encoding efficiency of qLDPC codes with geometric locality, our approach offers a practical and resource-efficient path to fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Related
- Purely-logarithmic-time- and constant-space-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation
- Doubly-polylog-time-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation by a polylog-time parallel minimum-weight perfect matching decoder
- Fault-tolerant and fully addressable unitary logical gates via round-robin sparsification
- Taming Spacetime Overhead and Design Complexity in Distributed Fault-Tolerant Superconducting Quantum Computation
- Efficiently estimating failure rates of fault-tolerant logical non-Clifford blocks
BibTeX
@article{yang2026planar,
title = {{Planar fault-tolerant logical measurements with low qubit overhead}},
author = {Yingli Yang and Guo Zhang and Ying Li},
journal = {npj Quantum Information},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1038/s41534-026-01310-2},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01310-2},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Planar fault-tolerant logical measurements with low qubit overhead
AU - Yingli Yang
AU - Guo Zhang
AU - Ying Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
JO - npj Quantum Information
DO - 10.1038/s41534-026-01310-2
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01310-2
AB - Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic reductions in qubit overhead, yet their logical operations remain a key challenge under planar hardware constraints. Here, we introduce code craft, a framework for designing fault-tolerant logical operations on planar BB codes within a translationally invariant, two-dimensional qubit lattice. By systematically deforming codes through local modifications—stretching, cutting, and painting—we enable the manipulation of logical qubits using strictly planar operations. We establish fault tolerance through numerical optimization of code distances and show that logical operations, including controlled-NOT gates, state transfers, and Pauli measurements, can be efficiently implemented within this framework to assemble an individually addressable logical qubit network. Universal quantum computation can then be realized by coupling just one BB-code logical qubit to a surface-code block. By combining the high encoding efficiency of qLDPC codes with geometric locality, our approach offers a practical and resource-efficient path to fault-tolerant quantum computation.
SN - 2056-6387
ER -