Convergence and residual analysis of radiative Darcy-Forchheimer Homann flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid over a spinning disk with thermal stratification.
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi, 75300, Karachi, Pakistan.
- 2Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Queen Arwa University, P.O. Box: 11586, Sana'a, Yemen. [email protected].
- 3Department of Applied Computing and Emerging Sciences, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
- 4Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
- 5Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, 41001, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
- 6Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi, 75300, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract
This study examines the viscous flow of thermal radiation tri-hybrid nanomaterial towards a stagnant spinning disk considering second law analysis. Porosity medium has been identified by the Darcy-Forchheimer model. The energy equation has been accounted for via thermal stratification. Appropriate similarity alterations are examined to transform the set of constitutive equations into ordinary differential equations. The renovated equations have been utilized via the semi-analytical technique OHAM. Moreover, the convergence and residual error are obtained via OHAM. The flow variable upon the radial, axial, and tangential velocities, thermal, entropy generation and Bejan number has been explored for engine oil as the base fluid with three kinds of nanomaterials (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}GO,Cu,TiO2\end{document}). The findings shows that the larger the porosity of the materials, the greater the resistance delineating the radial, axial and tangential velocities. Thermal radiation is enhanced in the temperature field near the disk and ambient fluid. The Brinkman number and porous media reactivity have a significant impact upon entropy formation, and as the irreversible nature owing to viscosity forces becomes more prevalent, the Bejan number falls. The tri-hybrid nanofluid has greater thermal features than regular nano and hybrid nanofluids. The current study existed the application such as coolant features, spinning machines, and electric vehicles. We have compared our computations with previous results and obtained a brilliant agreement.
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BibTeX
@article{zafar2026convergence,
title = {{Convergence and residual analysis of radiative Darcy-Forchheimer Homann flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid over a spinning disk with thermal stratification.}},
author = {S S Zafar and Shaima Al-Tamimi and Agha Yasir Ali and Abdulkafi Mohammed Saeed and Farhan Ali and Muhammad Faizan Ahmed},
journal = {Discover nano},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1186/s11671-026-05029-z},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963398},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Convergence and residual analysis of radiative Darcy-Forchheimer Homann flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid over a spinning disk with thermal stratification.
AU - S S Zafar
AU - Shaima Al-Tamimi
AU - Agha Yasir Ali
AU - Abdulkafi Mohammed Saeed
AU - Farhan Ali
AU - Muhammad Faizan Ahmed
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Discover nano
DO - 10.1186/s11671-026-05029-z
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963398
AB - This study examines the viscous flow of thermal radiation tri-hybrid nanomaterial towards a stagnant spinning disk considering second law analysis. Porosity medium has been identified by the Darcy-Forchheimer model. The energy equation has been accounted for via thermal stratification. Appropriate similarity alterations are examined to transform the set of constitutive equations into ordinary differential equations. The renovated equations have been utilized via the semi-analytical technique OHAM. Moreover, the convergence and residual error are obtained via OHAM. The flow variable upon the radial, axial, and tangential velocities, thermal, entropy generation and Bejan number has been explored for engine oil as the base fluid with three kinds of nanomaterials (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}GO,Cu,TiO_2\end{document}). The findings shows that the larger the porosity of the materials, the greater the resistance delineating the radial, axial and tangential velocities. Thermal radiation is enhanced in the temperature field near the disk and ambient fluid. The Brinkman number and porous media reactivity have a significant impact upon entropy formation, and as the irreversible nature owing to viscosity forces becomes more prevalent, the Bejan number falls. The tri-hybrid nanofluid has greater thermal features than regular nano and hybrid nanofluids. The current study existed the application such as coolant features, spinning machines, and electric vehicles. We have compared our computations with previous results and obtained a brilliant agreement.
SN - 2731-9229
ER -