Association Between Perceived Stress and Andropause Symptoms Among Employed Men: A Cross-sectional Study
5 affiliations
- 1Community Health Nursing (MSc), Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of nursing and midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 2Assistant professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 3Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 4Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 5Health Education and Health Promotion (MSc), Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Andropause symptoms can lead to age-related changes in androgen status and adversely affect men's physical and psychological well-being. Understanding the relationship of andropause symptoms with perceived stress may inform more comprehensive approaches to men's midlife health. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of andropause symptoms and their relationship with perceived stress among employed men. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 367 men employed at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, north of Iran, who were selected through one-stage cluster sampling in 2019. Data were collected using a sociodemographic/occupational form, the Male Andropause Symptoms Self-Assessment Questionnaire (MASSQ), and the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation test, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The mean age of men was 43.7±7.7 years; 35.4% had no or mild symptoms, 61.6% had moderate symptoms, and only 3% had severe symptoms. The mean total MASSQ score was 48.53±17.5 (ranged 25-125), with “behavioral symptoms” domain showing the highest score. The mean total PSS score was 22.52±6.52 (ranged 0–56). The total PSS score was significantly correlated with the total MASSQ score (r=0.338, p=0.001). In the adjusted ordinal logistic regression model, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with greater symptom severity (OR=1.17, 95% CI;1.12–1.22, p=0.001). Older age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI;1.02–1.08, p = 0.003), living in own house (OR = 2.07, 95% CI; 1.23–3.47, p = 0.006), and smoking (OR = 1.95, 95% CI; 1.07–3.53, p = 0.028) were also significantly associated with greater symptom severity. Conclusions: Perceived stress is associated with greater andropause symptom severity among employed men. Integrating stress assessment, health education, and counseling programs into midlife health programs may facilitate earlier diagnosis and management of andropause symptoms in employed men.
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BibTeX
@article{shirzadi2026association,
title = {{Association Between Perceived Stress and Andropause Symptoms Among Employed Men: A Cross-sectional Study}},
author = {Pezhman Shirzadi and Fataneh Bakhshi and Farzaneh Sheikholeslami and Ehsan KazemNezhad Leili and Narjes Nikpey},
journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association Between Perceived Stress and Andropause Symptoms Among Employed Men: A Cross-sectional Study
AU - Pezhman Shirzadi
AU - Fataneh Bakhshi
AU - Farzaneh Sheikholeslami
AU - Ehsan KazemNezhad Leili
AU - Narjes Nikpey
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
JO - Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
AB - Introduction: Andropause symptoms can lead to age-related changes in androgen status and adversely affect men's physical and psychological well-being. Understanding the relationship of andropause symptoms with perceived stress may inform more comprehensive approaches to men's midlife health. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of andropause symptoms and their relationship with perceived stress among employed men. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 367 men employed at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, north of Iran, who were selected through one-stage cluster sampling in 2019. Data were collected using a sociodemographic/occupational form, the Male Andropause Symptoms Self-Assessment Questionnaire (MASSQ), and the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation test, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The mean age of men was 43.7±7.7 years; 35.4% had no or mild symptoms, 61.6% had moderate symptoms, and only 3% had severe symptoms. The mean total MASSQ score was 48.53±17.5 (ranged 25-125), with “behavioral symptoms” domain showing the highest score. The mean total PSS score was 22.52±6.52 (ranged 0–56). The total PSS score was significantly correlated with the total MASSQ score (r=0.338, p=0.001). In the adjusted ordinal logistic regression model, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with greater symptom severity (OR=1.17, 95% CI;1.12–1.22, p=0.001). Older age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI;1.02–1.08, p = 0.003), living in own house (OR = 2.07, 95% CI; 1.23–3.47, p = 0.006), and smoking (OR = 1.95, 95% CI; 1.07–3.53, p = 0.028) were also significantly associated with greater symptom severity. Conclusions: Perceived stress is associated with greater andropause symptom severity among employed men. Integrating stress assessment, health education, and counseling programs into midlife health programs may facilitate earlier diagnosis and management of andropause symptoms in employed men.
SN - 2588-3712
SN - 2588-3720
ER -