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Peer-reviewedCC BYEnvironmental microbiology reports

Integrated Genotypic and Phenotypic Determinants Underpin the Environmental Persistence of Escherichia coli in Treated Sewage in Japan.

  • Ida Munfarida1,2
  • Jant Cres Caigoy1
  • Christian Xedzro1
  • Toshi Shimamoto1
  • Tadashi Shimamoto1
  1. 1Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
  2. 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Abstract

Escherichia coli poses global health risks, affecting human, animal, and environmental systems. To investigate the determinants underpinning its environmental persistence, we conducted an integrated genotypic and phenotypic analysis of 365 E. coli isolates recovered from treated sewage in Hiroshima, Japan. Isolates were confirmed by uidA-PCR and screened for virulence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), phylogroup, and siderophore-associated genes using multiplex PCR. Phenotypic assays assessed biofilm formation on microtiter plates and motility on soft agar. Among the isolates, 13.7% carried one or more virulence genes, with astA being the most prevalent (70.0%), followed by eaeA (8.0%), bfpA (6.0%), and the aggR-astA combination (4.0%). AMR genes were detected in 50.0% of isolates, predominantly blaTEM. The major phylogroups were D (36.0%) and B1 (24.0%). All isolates carried entA-F and tonB, while fecA and chuA were the predominant accessory iron-acquisition genes (52.0%). Phenotypic analysis showed that 92.0% of isolates formed biofilms and 100.0% were motile. aggR-positive isolates exhibited the highest biofilm production, whereas astA-, bfpA-, and eaeA-positive isolates demonstrated greater motility than ipaH-positive isolates. Principal component analysis indicated that biofilm formation was associated with aggR, whereas motility showed an opposing trend. Together, these traits contribute to the environmental persistence of E. coli in treated sewage.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{munfarida2026integrated,
  title = {{Integrated Genotypic and Phenotypic Determinants Underpin the Environmental Persistence of Escherichia coli in Treated Sewage in Japan.}},
  author = {Ida Munfarida and Jant Cres Caigoy and Christian Xedzro and Toshi Shimamoto and Tadashi Shimamoto},
  journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.70452},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963903},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Integrated Genotypic and Phenotypic Determinants Underpin the Environmental Persistence of Escherichia coli in Treated Sewage in Japan.
AU  - Ida Munfarida
AU  - Jant Cres Caigoy
AU  - Christian Xedzro
AU  - Toshi Shimamoto
AU  - Tadashi Shimamoto
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
JO  - Environmental microbiology reports
DO  - 10.1111/1758-2229.70452
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963903
AB  - Escherichia coli poses global health risks, affecting human, animal, and environmental systems. To investigate the determinants underpinning its environmental persistence, we conducted an integrated genotypic and phenotypic analysis of 365 E. coli isolates recovered from treated sewage in Hiroshima, Japan. Isolates were confirmed by uidA-PCR and screened for virulence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), phylogroup, and siderophore-associated genes using multiplex PCR. Phenotypic assays assessed biofilm formation on microtiter plates and motility on soft agar. Among the isolates, 13.7% carried one or more virulence genes, with astA being the most prevalent (70.0%), followed by eaeA (8.0%), bfpA (6.0%), and the aggR-astA combination (4.0%). AMR genes were detected in 50.0% of isolates, predominantly blaTEM. The major phylogroups were D (36.0%) and B1 (24.0%). All isolates carried entA-F and tonB, while fecA and chuA were the predominant accessory iron-acquisition genes (52.0%). Phenotypic analysis showed that 92.0% of isolates formed biofilms and 100.0% were motile. aggR-positive isolates exhibited the highest biofilm production, whereas astA-, bfpA-, and eaeA-positive isolates demonstrated greater motility than ipaH-positive isolates. Principal component analysis indicated that biofilm formation was associated with aggR, whereas motility showed an opposing trend. Together, these traits contribute to the environmental persistence of E. coli in treated sewage.
SN  - 1758-2229
ER  -