Battery Passport and Early Diagnostics for Second-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Screening: A Data Leakage-Aware, Pack-Grouped Evaluation
- 1Shanghai Academy of Global Governance and Area Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
- 2School of Economics and Finance, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
Abstract
Screening of retired lithium ion cells limits second-life deployment, because full characterization resolves retention well yet occupies a test channel for hundreds of hours per cell. This study measures how much screening information each chronologically available block carries once the physical grouping of retired cells is respected, using a primary source with 1034 retired notebook cell records from 152 retired notebook packs, of which 100 cells carry delayed capacity trajectories, and a stored pack yield summary excluded as outcome derived. Holding out whole packs, battery history reaches 0.686 balanced accuracy for source-defined second-life eligibility, physical observations 0.761, and early electrical diagnostics 0.862; the paired bootstrap interval for that last step excludes zero, the balanced error rate falls by 56 percent, and false rejections fall from 17 to 6 of 36 eligible cells. The ordering holds at any matched threshold, where the early block never produces more false rejections than history alone, and in an independent 86 cell NCM(523)/graphite cohort, five explicit diagnostics raise holdout accuracy from 0.660 to 0.743 whereas 108 implicit features reach 0.627. Screening therefore benefits from a staged design: history provides a first pass, early diagnostics refine the decision, and full characterization qualifies.
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BibTeX
@article{zhang2026battery,
title = {{Battery Passport and Early Diagnostics for Second-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Screening: A Data Leakage-Aware, Pack-Grouped Evaluation}},
author = {Junjie Zhang and Siyu Wang},
journal = {Batteries},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/batteries12110457},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/11/457},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Battery Passport and Early Diagnostics for Second-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Screening: A Data Leakage-Aware, Pack-Grouped Evaluation
AU - Junjie Zhang
AU - Siyu Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - Batteries
DO - 10.3390/batteries12110457
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/11/457
AB - Screening of retired lithium ion cells limits second-life deployment, because full characterization resolves retention well yet occupies a test channel for hundreds of hours per cell. This study measures how much screening information each chronologically available block carries once the physical grouping of retired cells is respected, using a primary source with 1034 retired notebook cell records from 152 retired notebook packs, of which 100 cells carry delayed capacity trajectories, and a stored pack yield summary excluded as outcome derived. Holding out whole packs, battery history reaches 0.686 balanced accuracy for source-defined second-life eligibility, physical observations 0.761, and early electrical diagnostics 0.862; the paired bootstrap interval for that last step excludes zero, the balanced error rate falls by 56 percent, and false rejections fall from 17 to 6 of 36 eligible cells. The ordering holds at any matched threshold, where the early block never produces more false rejections than history alone, and in an independent 86 cell NCM(523)/graphite cohort, five explicit diagnostics raise holdout accuracy from 0.660 to 0.743 whereas 108 implicit features reach 0.627. Screening therefore benefits from a staged design: history provides a first pass, early diagnostics refine the decision, and full characterization qualifies.
SN - 2313-0105
ER -