LEO Satellite Internet of Things: Architecture, Technology, and On-Orbit Verification
Abstract
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are poised to become a cornerstone of the sixth-generation (6G) Internet of Things (IoT), providing truly global coverage and ubiquitous connectivity. This article presents a holistic two-dimensional system architecture for 6G LEO satellite IoT that incorporates composition and functional perspectives to facilitate the seamless integration of LEO satellites and terrestrial networks. Building upon this architecture, we evaluate three pivotal enabling technologies targeting the uplink, downlink, and inter-satellite links (ISLs). Specifically, we analyze massive grant-free random access for efficient uplink connectivity, investigate deep learning-based multibeam precoding for robust downlink transmission, and examine distributed cooperative routing for resilient ISL data delivery. Furthermore, we present an on-orbit verification platform that validates the real-world feasibility and performance of the proposed solutions. Finally, we outline key open challenges and future research directions to guide the realization of future LEO satellite IoT.
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BibTeX
@misc{ying2026satellite,
title = {{LEO Satellite Internet of Things: Architecture, Technology, and On-Orbit Verification}},
author = {Ming Ying and Xiaoming Chen and Qiao Qi and Yichao Xu and Jiajun Pan},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.20165},
eprint = {2609.20165},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20165},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - LEO Satellite Internet of Things: Architecture, Technology, and On-Orbit Verification
AU - Ming Ying
AU - Xiaoming Chen
AU - Qiao Qi
AU - Yichao Xu
AU - Jiajun Pan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.20165
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20165
AB - Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are poised to become a cornerstone of the sixth-generation (6G) Internet of Things (IoT), providing truly global coverage and ubiquitous connectivity. This article presents a holistic two-dimensional system architecture for 6G LEO satellite IoT that incorporates composition and functional perspectives to facilitate the seamless integration of LEO satellites and terrestrial networks. Building upon this architecture, we evaluate three pivotal enabling technologies targeting the uplink, downlink, and inter-satellite links (ISLs). Specifically, we analyze massive grant-free random access for efficient uplink connectivity, investigate deep learning-based multibeam precoding for robust downlink transmission, and examine distributed cooperative routing for resilient ISL data delivery. Furthermore, we present an on-orbit verification platform that validates the real-world feasibility and performance of the proposed solutions. Finally, we outline key open challenges and future research directions to guide the realization of future LEO satellite IoT.
ER -