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Peer-reviewedCC BYExperimental brain research

Acute unilateral DBS of the basolateral amygdala does not affect motricity, anxiety-like behavior, or fear memory consolidation in rats.

  • Douglas Affonso Formolo1,2,3
  • Nicholas Roberto Drabowski4
  • Hiago Murilo Mello2,3
  • Alexandre Ademar Hoeller3,5
  • Cristiane Ribeiro de Carvalho2,3,6
  • Alexandre Trofino Neto4,7
  • Roger Walz8,9,10,11
11 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China.
  2. 2Graduation Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil.
  3. 3Center of Applied Neuroscience (CeNAp), University Hospital, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
  4. 4Graduate Program in Automation and Systems Engineering, Technological Center, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
  5. 5Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
  6. 6Department of Pathology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
  7. 7Department of Systems and Automation, Technological Center, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
  8. 8Graduation Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil. [email protected].
  9. 9Center of Applied Neuroscience (CeNAp), University Hospital, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. [email protected].
  10. 10Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 3rd floor, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil. [email protected].
  11. 11Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. [email protected].
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Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative to ablative functional neurosurgeries. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a potential DBS target for treating psychiatric disorders. However, understanding the associated behavioral and cognitive effects is necessary for safety and tolerability concerns. Therefore, we investigated potential acute effects of unilateral BLA DBS. Adult male Wistar rats were implanted with monopolar electrodes in the right BLA. In Experiment 1, different groups of animals were stimulated for 10 min with either high-frequency (HFS, 130 Hz) or low-frequency (LFS, 20 Hz) stimulation using different stimulation intensities (0 [Control], 10, 50, or 100 µA). Immediately after stimulation, animals were tested in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and subsequently in the open field test (OFT). In Experiment 2, two groups of animals were subjected to a fear-conditioning protocol and stimulated with HFS or LFS (50 µA) immediately after conditioning. Animals were then tested for short- (2 h) and long-term (24 h) fear memory consolidation. BLA DBS showed no significant effects on: (i) anxiety-like behavior expression for HFS (p = 0.46) or LFS (p = 0.37); (ii) locomotor activity (HFS, p = 0.12; LFS, p = 0.60), in terms of distance traveled in the OFT, or (iii) fear memory consolidation (HFS, p = 0.31; LFS, p = 0.68). Under the stimulation parameters and experimental conditions tested, acute unilateral BLA DBS did not significantly affect spontaneous locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, or fear memory consolidation in rats. These results provide information relevant to the tolerability and safety of amygdala DBS.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{formolo2026acute,
  title = {{Acute unilateral DBS of the basolateral amygdala does not affect motricity, anxiety-like behavior, or fear memory consolidation in rats.}},
  author = {Douglas Affonso Formolo and Nicholas Roberto Drabowski and Hiago Murilo Mello and Alexandre Ademar Hoeller and Cristiane Ribeiro de Carvalho and Alexandre Trofino Neto and Roger Walz},
  journal = {Experimental brain research},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-026-07408-5},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42862329},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Acute unilateral DBS of the basolateral amygdala does not affect motricity, anxiety-like behavior, or fear memory consolidation in rats.
AU  - Douglas Affonso Formolo
AU  - Nicholas Roberto Drabowski
AU  - Hiago Murilo Mello
AU  - Alexandre Ademar Hoeller
AU  - Cristiane Ribeiro de Carvalho
AU  - Alexandre Trofino Neto
AU  - Roger Walz
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/12
JO  - Experimental brain research
DO  - 10.1007/s00221-026-07408-5
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42862329
AB  - Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative to ablative functional neurosurgeries. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a potential DBS target for treating psychiatric disorders. However, understanding the associated behavioral and cognitive effects is necessary for safety and tolerability concerns. Therefore, we investigated potential acute effects of unilateral BLA DBS. Adult male Wistar rats were implanted with monopolar electrodes in the right BLA. In Experiment 1, different groups of animals were stimulated for 10 min with either high-frequency (HFS, 130 Hz) or low-frequency (LFS, 20 Hz) stimulation using different stimulation intensities (0 [Control], 10, 50, or 100 µA). Immediately after stimulation, animals were tested in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and subsequently in the open field test (OFT). In Experiment 2, two groups of animals were subjected to a fear-conditioning protocol and stimulated with HFS or LFS (50 µA) immediately after conditioning. Animals were then tested for short- (2 h) and long-term (24 h) fear memory consolidation. BLA DBS showed no significant effects on: (i) anxiety-like behavior expression for HFS (p = 0.46) or LFS (p = 0.37); (ii) locomotor activity (HFS, p = 0.12; LFS, p = 0.60), in terms of distance traveled in the OFT, or (iii) fear memory consolidation (HFS, p = 0.31; LFS, p = 0.68). Under the stimulation parameters and experimental conditions tested, acute unilateral BLA DBS did not significantly affect spontaneous locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, or fear memory consolidation in rats. These results provide information relevant to the tolerability and safety of amygdala DBS.
SN  - 0014-4819
SN  - 1432-1106
ER  -