How do innovative occluding glasses compare with handheld spoon shaped occluders in children's visual acuity test? A diagnostic agreement study
- 1Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore how a novel set of occluding glasses compare with handheld spoon shaped occluders in young children in terms of visual acuity test results, and how children felt about the two tools.
SettingOutpatient clinic of the ophthalmology department in a university teaching hospital in Wuhan, China.
Participants210 children aged 3-9 yeas visiting the clinic for VAT from June 1 through July 30,2024 were conveniently selected as participants, among whom, 10 were excluded as their parents did not sign the informed consent paper.
Study designThis diagnostic agreement study compared two types of eye occluders using a cross-over design. The 200 children were divided into two equal batches: the first batch (case no.1-100) received VAT using handheld spoon-shaped eye occluders followed by occluding glasses, while the second batch (case no.101-200) received the interventions in the reverse order.
Outcome measuresPaired VAT scores generated from the study were compared with the Bland-Altman analysis. All children were asked of their acceptance regarding the two eye-covering tools upon completion of the 2nd VAT.
ResultsThe VAT score measured with occluding glasses were closely comparable with those measured with the handheld spoon-shaped eye occluders, with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.989 and 0.989 for left eyes and right eyes, respectively(P<0.001). The mean difference of VAT score measured by the 2 tools was 0.007 for right eyes versus 0.005 for left eyes, and the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) ranged from -0.07 to 0.08 for right eyes versus 0.07 to 0.08 for left eyes, with 0.5 % versus 1 % of the measurements outside the 95% LoA. 61%(122/200) of the children preferred the appearance of the occluding glasses and considered it "more attractive than the handheld one". However, respectively 90.0% and 93.0% of the children favored the hand-held occluder in terms of convenience and comfort.
ConclusionsThe VAT measurements obtained with the two types of eye occluders showed excellent agreement, justifying the use of the occluding glasses as a promising tool for VAT in young children. Yet,refinement of the novel product is needed to enhance convenience and comfort.
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BibTeX
@misc{tian2026innovative,
title = {{How do innovative occluding glasses compare with handheld spoon shaped occluders in children's visual acuity test? A diagnostic agreement study}},
author = {L. Tian and S. Yang and Q. Zhou and Y. Song and Y. Kan and M. Zhao and Y. Jiang},
howpublished = {medRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.15.26363094},
url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.26363094v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - How do innovative occluding glasses compare with handheld spoon shaped occluders in children's visual acuity test? A diagnostic agreement study
AU - L. Tian
AU - S. Yang
AU - Q. Zhou
AU - Y. Song
AU - Y. Kan
AU - M. Zhao
AU - Y. Jiang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/15
PB - medRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.15.26363094
UR - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.26363094v1
AB - ObjectiveTo explore how a novel set of occluding glasses compare with handheld spoon shaped occluders in young children in terms of visual acuity test results, and how children felt about the two tools. SettingOutpatient clinic of the ophthalmology department in a university teaching hospital in Wuhan, China. Participants210 children aged 3-9 yeas visiting the clinic for VAT from June 1 through July 30,2024 were conveniently selected as participants, among whom, 10 were excluded as their parents did not sign the informed consent paper. Study designThis diagnostic agreement study compared two types of eye occluders using a cross-over design. The 200 children were divided into two equal batches: the first batch (case no.1-100) received VAT using handheld spoon-shaped eye occluders followed by occluding glasses, while the second batch (case no.101-200) received the interventions in the reverse order. Outcome measuresPaired VAT scores generated from the study were compared with the Bland-Altman analysis. All children were asked of their acceptance regarding the two eye-covering tools upon completion of the 2nd VAT. ResultsThe VAT score measured with occluding glasses were closely comparable with those measured with the handheld spoon-shaped eye occluders, with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.989 and 0.989 for left eyes and right eyes, respectively(P<0.001). The mean difference of VAT score measured by the 2 tools was 0.007 for right eyes versus 0.005 for left eyes, and the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) ranged from -0.07 to 0.08 for right eyes versus 0.07 to 0.08 for left eyes, with 0.5 % versus 1 % of the measurements outside the 95% LoA. 61%(122/200) of the children preferred the appearance of the occluding glasses and considered it "more attractive than the handheld one". However, respectively 90.0% and 93.0% of the children favored the hand-held occluder in terms of convenience and comfort. ConclusionsThe VAT measurements obtained with the two types of eye occluders showed excellent agreement, justifying the use of the occluding glasses as a promising tool for VAT in young children. Yet,refinement of the novel product is needed to enhance convenience and comfort.
ER -