High-Frequency Gravitational-Wave Transduction in a SQUID-Terminated Superconducting Cavity
Abstract
High-frequency gravitational waves in the MHz--GHz range require detection strategies beyond conventional interferometers. We study the response of a SQUID-terminated superconducting microwave cavity as a narrowband parametric transducer. The cavity boundary conditions and the flux dependence of the Josephson inductance are used to derive the quarter-wave mode spectrum and the first-order eigenfrequency response to changes in the physical line length, phase velocity, and SQUID inductive length. By projecting the perturbed dynamics onto the static cavity modes, we show that the resonance-frequency response and the photon-pair-production response are generally distinct. We therefore introduce two independent kernels, Rnω and Rnpair, which coincide only when changes in mode normalization and spatial profiles can be neglected. Near ΩGW≃ 2ωn, the isolated-mode dynamics reduce to a Mathieu-type parametric amplifier, allowing the photon number, quadrature variances, gain, and instability threshold to be obtained in the presence of dissipation. Spontaneous photon production scales quadratically with the gravitational-wave strain and is extremely small for representative parameters, whereas phase-sensitive responses with a coherent probe can scale linearly with strain. The framework therefore provides a theoretical description of narrowband gravitational-wave transduction, while a quantitative sensitivity estimate requires device-specific calibration of the mechanical--electromagnetic response, verification of mode isolation, and a complete treatment of loss and noise.
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BibTeX
@misc{hadi2026highfrequency,
title = {{High-Frequency Gravitational-Wave Transduction in a SQUID-Terminated Superconducting Cavity}},
author = {H. Hadi and Amin Rezaei Akbarieh},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.01054},
eprint = {2609.01054},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01054},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - High-Frequency Gravitational-Wave Transduction in a SQUID-Terminated Superconducting Cavity
AU - H. Hadi
AU - Amin Rezaei Akbarieh
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.01054
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01054
AB - High-frequency gravitational waves in the MHz--GHz range require detection strategies beyond conventional interferometers. We study the response of a SQUID-terminated superconducting microwave cavity as a narrowband parametric transducer. The cavity boundary conditions and the flux dependence of the Josephson inductance are used to derive the quarter-wave mode spectrum and the first-order eigenfrequency response to changes in the physical line length, phase velocity, and SQUID inductive length. By projecting the perturbed dynamics onto the static cavity modes, we show that the resonance-frequency response and the photon-pair-production response are generally distinct. We therefore introduce two independent kernels, R_n^ω and R_n^pair, which coincide only when changes in mode normalization and spatial profiles can be neglected. Near Ω_GW≃ 2ω_n, the isolated-mode dynamics reduce to a Mathieu-type parametric amplifier, allowing the photon number, quadrature variances, gain, and instability threshold to be obtained in the presence of dissipation. Spontaneous photon production scales quadratically with the gravitational-wave strain and is extremely small for representative parameters, whereas phase-sensitive responses with a coherent probe can scale linearly with strain. The framework therefore provides a theoretical description of narrowband gravitational-wave transduction, while a quantitative sensitivity estimate requires device-specific calibration of the mechanical--electromagnetic response, verification of mode isolation, and a complete treatment of loss and noise.
ER -