A combined classification system for preaxial foot polydactyly and its derived surgical strategies.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
- 2Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China. [email protected].
- 3Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China. [email protected].
- 4Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract
Background
Pediatric polydactyly is a relatively common congenital condition of hand and foot, affecting physical and mental development of children. Hand polydactyly has been brought into focus recently. By contrast, the studies on foot polydactyly are limited. Among the types, there is little international research on preaxial foot polydactyly since it is a relatively rare type, and the domestic research on it is fewer. The purpose of our study is to propose a new classification for guiding operation.Methods
We collected all patients with preaxial foot polydactyly who had preoperative radiographs at our hospital between 2016 and 2024, and analyzed the reported classifications, finally proposed a new classification system based on the preoperative radiographs. The 64 feet were assessed by 5 observers under the help of the kappa statistic. We operated the derived surgery on various types of the classification system, and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy through the relative imaging parameters and scale.Results
We developed a combined classification system for preaxial foot polydactyly, describing variation of hallux in longitudinal dimension. In this classification system, we concluded duplication of distal phalanx combined with abnormal/ normal proximal phalanx, duplication of proximal phalanx combined with abnormal/ normal proximal phalanx or metatarsal, duplication of metatarsal combined with abnormal proximal phalanx and duplication of tarsal. Overall inter-observer agreements for this classification system respectively were 0.805 and 0.795 in first and second reading and intra-observer agreements for 5 observers were > 0.9. Under the derived surgery, the scale for the hallux with preaxial foot polydactyly exhibited notable improvement.Conclusions
The proposed new classification effectively show different features of all categories, the reliability of which was proved good. The derived surgical strategies of the combined classification system improved the surgical outcomes significantly, which can effectively correct hallux varus and prevent hallux valgus to some extent.
Related
- Information coding strategies in biological reservoir computing for multiclass time-series classification
- Locally advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Surgical strategies and outcomes in a referral hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Transcriptomic analysis combined with RNAi reveals defense strategies and molecular mechanisms in Western and Eastern honeybees against attacks by the yellow-legged hornet
- Combined generalist and host-specific transcriptional strategies enable host generalism in the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea
- The spastic hip in cerebral palsy: Surgical indications and current strategies
BibTeX
@article{chen2026combined,
title = {{A combined classification system for preaxial foot polydactyly and its derived surgical strategies.}},
author = {Yu Chen and Chunhua Yin and Wei Liu and Wentao Yu and Xiaofang Shen and Mimi Chen},
journal = {BMC musculoskeletal disorders},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12891-026-10209-0},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897584},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A combined classification system for preaxial foot polydactyly and its derived surgical strategies.
AU - Yu Chen
AU - Chunhua Yin
AU - Wei Liu
AU - Wentao Yu
AU - Xiaofang Shen
AU - Mimi Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC musculoskeletal disorders
DO - 10.1186/s12891-026-10209-0
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897584
AB - Background Pediatric polydactyly is a relatively common congenital condition of hand and foot, affecting physical and mental development of children. Hand polydactyly has been brought into focus recently. By contrast, the studies on foot polydactyly are limited. Among the types, there is little international research on preaxial foot polydactyly since it is a relatively rare type, and the domestic research on it is fewer. The purpose of our study is to propose a new classification for guiding operation.Methods We collected all patients with preaxial foot polydactyly who had preoperative radiographs at our hospital between 2016 and 2024, and analyzed the reported classifications, finally proposed a new classification system based on the preoperative radiographs. The 64 feet were assessed by 5 observers under the help of the kappa statistic. We operated the derived surgery on various types of the classification system, and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy through the relative imaging parameters and scale.Results We developed a combined classification system for preaxial foot polydactyly, describing variation of hallux in longitudinal dimension. In this classification system, we concluded duplication of distal phalanx combined with abnormal/ normal proximal phalanx, duplication of proximal phalanx combined with abnormal/ normal proximal phalanx or metatarsal, duplication of metatarsal combined with abnormal proximal phalanx and duplication of tarsal. Overall inter-observer agreements for this classification system respectively were 0.805 and 0.795 in first and second reading and intra-observer agreements for 5 observers were > 0.9. Under the derived surgery, the scale for the hallux with preaxial foot polydactyly exhibited notable improvement.Conclusions The proposed new classification effectively show different features of all categories, the reliability of which was proved good. The derived surgical strategies of the combined classification system improved the surgical outcomes significantly, which can effectively correct hallux varus and prevent hallux valgus to some extent.
SN - 1471-2474
ER -