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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCJournal of animal science and technology

Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, gut health, and immunity in pigs.

  • Min-Gi Han1
  • Ran Lee2
  • Hyeon-Woo Sim2
  • Won-Young Lee3
  • Young-Bin Park4
  • Sung-Ho Lee4
  • Hyun-Jung Park2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology (KIT), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  2. 2Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
  3. 3Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Korea.
  4. 4Research center, Woogene B&G Co., LTD, Hwaseong, Korea.
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Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on the gut health and growth performance of weaning pigs. A total of 28-day-old piglets (n = 50 per group) were randomly assigned to four groups: CTRL (basal diet), BS (basal diet + Bacillus subtilis), BL (basal diet + Bacillus licheniformis), or BSL (basal diet + both Bacillus strains). After 28 days, pigs fed BSL had the highest body weight, although the difference was not statistically significant. Bacillus-treated pigs showed no differences in inflammatory cytokines or hematological characteristics, except for a reduction in cortisol levels in the supplemented groups. The genes encoding inflammatory cytokines were not significantly expressed among the groups. Intestinal morphology was significantly improved with villus height, villus/crypt ratio in BL (p < 0.05) and BSL (p < 0.01), and smooth circular muscle thickness showing notable increases in BS (p < 0.05), BL (p < 0.001) and BSL (p < 0.001). The tight junction proteins were significantly expressed higher in all Bacillus-treated groups, with BSL (p < 0.001) exhibiting the greatest improvement. Gene expression levels of ZO-1 and occludin were also significantly elevated in the ileum, with the most pronounced increases observed in BSL (p < 0.01). These results suggest that combining Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis synergistically enhances intestinal morphology and barrier function, highlighting their potential as functional feed additives.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{han2026effects,
  title = {{Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, gut health, and immunity in pigs.}},
  author = {Min-Gi Han and Ran Lee and Hyeon-Woo Sim and Won-Young Lee and Young-Bin Park and Sung-Ho Lee and Hyun-Jung Park},
  journal = {Journal of animal science and technology},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.5187/jast.2400475},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898865},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, gut health, and immunity in pigs.
AU  - Min-Gi Han
AU  - Ran Lee
AU  - Hyeon-Woo Sim
AU  - Won-Young Lee
AU  - Young-Bin Park
AU  - Sung-Ho Lee
AU  - Hyun-Jung Park
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Journal of animal science and technology
DO  - 10.5187/jast.2400475
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898865
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on the gut health and growth performance of weaning pigs. A total of 28-day-old piglets (n = 50 per group) were randomly assigned to four groups: CTRL (basal diet), BS (basal diet + Bacillus subtilis), BL (basal diet + Bacillus licheniformis), or BSL (basal diet + both Bacillus strains). After 28 days, pigs fed BSL had the highest body weight, although the difference was not statistically significant. Bacillus-treated pigs showed no differences in inflammatory cytokines or hematological characteristics, except for a reduction in cortisol levels in the supplemented groups. The genes encoding inflammatory cytokines were not significantly expressed among the groups. Intestinal morphology was significantly improved with villus height, villus/crypt ratio in BL (p < 0.05) and BSL (p < 0.01), and smooth circular muscle thickness showing notable increases in BS (p < 0.05), BL (p < 0.001) and BSL (p < 0.001). The tight junction proteins were significantly expressed higher in all Bacillus-treated groups, with BSL (p < 0.001) exhibiting the greatest improvement. Gene expression levels of ZO-1 and occludin were also significantly elevated in the ileum, with the most pronounced increases observed in BSL (p < 0.01). These results suggest that combining Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis synergistically enhances intestinal morphology and barrier function, highlighting their potential as functional feed additives.
SN  - 2055-0391
ER  -