Simplicial closure fragments the explosive cooperation transitions in higher-order public goods games
Abstract
Hypergraph (HG) and simplicial complex (SC) are two common representations of higher-order networks, and are often expected to differ mainly quantitatively when they encode comparable group interactions. Here we show that this expectation fails in evolutionary cooperation dynamics. Using a controlled higher-order public goods game (PGG) with minimal ad hoc parameters, we compare cooperation transitions on randomized HG and SC constructed from the same triangular backbone. We find that the impact of simplicial closure is selective: when the cooperation transition is continuous-like on HG, imposing simplicial closure mainly broadens the transition without changing its qualitative nature; however, when the transition is explosive and first-order-like on HG, simplicial closure will fragment the compact low/high bistability into a broad ensemble of metastable final states. Detailed analysis reveals that this selective effect arises from the dual role of simplicial closure in cooperative-nucleus dynamics: it promotes the survival of local cooperative nuclei while suppressing their conversion into system-wide cascades. Further experiments confirm that this fragmentation is not tied to a specific payoff form, but is a generic feature of explosive cooperation transitions in higher-order PGGs.
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BibTeX
@misc{rao2026simplicial,
title = {{Simplicial closure fragments the explosive cooperation transitions in higher-order public goods games}},
author = {Wenjia Rao and Jianneng Huang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.17968},
eprint = {2608.17968},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.17968},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Simplicial closure fragments the explosive cooperation transitions in higher-order public goods games
AU - Wenjia Rao
AU - Jianneng Huang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/18
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.17968
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.17968
AB - Hypergraph (HG) and simplicial complex (SC) are two common representations of higher-order networks, and are often expected to differ mainly quantitatively when they encode comparable group interactions. Here we show that this expectation fails in evolutionary cooperation dynamics. Using a controlled higher-order public goods game (PGG) with minimal ad hoc parameters, we compare cooperation transitions on randomized HG and SC constructed from the same triangular backbone. We find that the impact of simplicial closure is selective: when the cooperation transition is continuous-like on HG, imposing simplicial closure mainly broadens the transition without changing its qualitative nature; however, when the transition is explosive and first-order-like on HG, simplicial closure will fragment the compact low/high bistability into a broad ensemble of metastable final states. Detailed analysis reveals that this selective effect arises from the dual role of simplicial closure in cooperative-nucleus dynamics: it promotes the survival of local cooperative nuclei while suppressing their conversion into system-wide cascades. Further experiments confirm that this fragmentation is not tied to a specific payoff form, but is a generic feature of explosive cooperation transitions in higher-order PGGs.
ER -