Electrically tunable moiré hybridization in scalable twist-with-a-spacer structures
Abstract
Moiré superlattices emerge from the interplay between interlayer hybridization and long-wavelength periodicity, both set by the twist angle between layers in direct contact. Here we show that moiré minibands and pronounced Brown-Zak oscillations persist even when twisted graphene layers are separated by an atomically thin spacer, such as a misaligned graphene monolayer. This twist-with-a-spacer architecture reduces interlayer coupling, such that moiré hybridization can be tuned with a modest displacement field without changing moiré periodicity, allowing us to disentangle the roles of those parameters in miniband formation. Importantly, the spacer suppresses atomic relaxation, enabling highly uniform, rigid superlattices at twist angles down to ~0.1 degree. This robustness allows twist-with-a-spacer structures to be grown directly by scalable chemical vapour deposition (CVD): devices fabricated from CVD-grown structures exhibit the same moiré physics phenomena as those assembled manually. Our work provides insights into the physics of moiré bandstructure formation and opens a route towards scalable moiré systems.
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BibTeX
@misc{babich2026electrically,
title = {{Electrically tunable moiré hybridization in scalable twist-with-a-spacer structures}},
author = {Ian Babich and Daria Belotcerkovtceva and Benjamin Fuller and Ilya Begichev and Nansi Zhou and Alex Boschi and Vaidotas Miseikis and Gianluigi Baiardi and Andrei Kudriashov and Konstantin S. Novoselov and Stiven Forti and Antonio Rossi and Fabio Beltram and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Sergio Pezzini and Camilla Coletti and Vladimir Falko and Alexey I. Berdyugin},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.02471},
eprint = {2611.02471},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02471},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Electrically tunable moiré hybridization in scalable twist-with-a-spacer structures
AU - Ian Babich
AU - Daria Belotcerkovtceva
AU - Benjamin Fuller
AU - Ilya Begichev
AU - Nansi Zhou
AU - Alex Boschi
AU - Vaidotas Miseikis
AU - Gianluigi Baiardi
AU - Andrei Kudriashov
AU - Konstantin S. Novoselov
AU - Stiven Forti
AU - Antonio Rossi
AU - Fabio Beltram
AU - Kenji Watanabe
AU - Takashi Taniguchi
AU - Sergio Pezzini
AU - Camilla Coletti
AU - Vladimir Falko
AU - Alexey I. Berdyugin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.02471
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02471
AB - Moiré superlattices emerge from the interplay between interlayer hybridization and long-wavelength periodicity, both set by the twist angle between layers in direct contact. Here we show that moiré minibands and pronounced Brown-Zak oscillations persist even when twisted graphene layers are separated by an atomically thin spacer, such as a misaligned graphene monolayer. This twist-with-a-spacer architecture reduces interlayer coupling, such that moiré hybridization can be tuned with a modest displacement field without changing moiré periodicity, allowing us to disentangle the roles of those parameters in miniband formation. Importantly, the spacer suppresses atomic relaxation, enabling highly uniform, rigid superlattices at twist angles down to ~0.1 degree. This robustness allows twist-with-a-spacer structures to be grown directly by scalable chemical vapour deposition (CVD): devices fabricated from CVD-grown structures exhibit the same moiré physics phenomena as those assembled manually. Our work provides insights into the physics of moiré bandstructure formation and opens a route towards scalable moiré systems.
ER -