Comparative evaluation of green-synthesized CeO2-rich and multi-rare-earth-containing oxide-rich nanoparticles prepared using Moringa oleifera seed extract: physicochemical characterization and preliminary cell-free screening
- 1Reactors Materials Department, Nuclear Materials Authority Cairo Egypt
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Egypt
Abstract
Fresh aqueous extracts were independently prepared from the same collected Moringa oleifera seed lot and used as biogenic media for the paired preparation of CeO2-rich nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and Ce-rich, multi-rare-earth-containing oxide-rich nanoparticles (multi-REO NPs). Three independent synthesis batches were prepared for each nanoparticle system under standardized extraction and harmonized reaction and post-synthesis conditions. The physicochemical properties of both nanoparticle systems were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS analysis/mapping, TEM/SAED, DLS, and zeta-potential measurements, while HPLC profiling was performed to characterize the phytochemical constituents of the M. oleifera seed extract. TEM analysis showed that CeO2 NPs were predominantly quasi-spherical, with projected particle dimensions of approximately 5–15 nm, whereas multi-REO NPs exhibited larger projected particle dimensions of approximately 20–60 nm. Multi-REO NPs also exhibited more numerous and comparatively better-resolved diffraction features based on XRD and TEM-SAED analyses. Zeta-potential measurements revealed stronger electrostatic stabilization for CeO2 NPs (−25.5 mV) than for multi-REO NPs (−5.09 mV). Multi-REO NPs generally produced greater apparent cell-free assay responses than CeO2 NPs at equivalent concentrations. Multi-REO NPs exhibited estimated IC50 values of 115.3 and 88.2 µg mL−1 for DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ scavenging, respectively, compared with 71.4 and 55.5 µg mL−1 for ascorbic acid. The estimated IC50 values were 129.1 µg mL−1 for α-amylase inhibition, compared with 79.57 µg mL−1 for acarbose, and 159.6 µg mL−1 for BSA thermal-denaturation inhibition, compared with 121.5 µg mL−1 for diclofenac sodium. CeO2 NPs did not reach 50% response within the tested range for these endpoints, whereas neither nanoparticle system exhibited a monotonic concentration-dependent AChE-inhibitory response. Overall, the two compositionally distinct nanoparticle systems exhibited different physicochemical, colloidal, and assay-specific profiles, with multi-REO NPs generally showing greater cell-free responses. However, the findings do not establish rare-earth synergy, biological safety, or therapeutic efficacy, and require further mechanistic, interference-control, cytotoxicity, cellular, and in vivo evaluation.
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BibTeX
@article{anis2026comparative,
title = {{Comparative evaluation of green-synthesized CeO2-rich and multi-rare-earth-containing oxide-rich nanoparticles prepared using Moringa oleifera seed extract: physicochemical characterization and preliminary cell-free screening}},
author = {Nader Anis and Nada Emam and Mona M. Khalifa and A. I. L. Abd El Fatah},
journal = {Nanoscale Advances},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1039/d6na00394j},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1039/d6na00394j},
note = {CC BY 3.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparative evaluation of green-synthesized CeO2-rich and multi-rare-earth-containing oxide-rich nanoparticles prepared using Moringa oleifera seed extract: physicochemical characterization and preliminary cell-free screening
AU - Nader Anis
AU - Nada Emam
AU - Mona M. Khalifa
AU - A. I. L. Abd El Fatah
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Nanoscale Advances
DO - 10.1039/d6na00394j
UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/d6na00394j
AB - Fresh aqueous extracts were independently prepared from the same collected Moringa oleifera seed lot and used as biogenic media for the paired preparation of CeO2-rich nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and Ce-rich, multi-rare-earth-containing oxide-rich nanoparticles (multi-REO NPs). Three independent synthesis batches were prepared for each nanoparticle system under standardized extraction and harmonized reaction and post-synthesis conditions. The physicochemical properties of both nanoparticle systems were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS analysis/mapping, TEM/SAED, DLS, and zeta-potential measurements, while HPLC profiling was performed to characterize the phytochemical constituents of the M. oleifera seed extract. TEM analysis showed that CeO2 NPs were predominantly quasi-spherical, with projected particle dimensions of approximately 5–15 nm, whereas multi-REO NPs exhibited larger projected particle dimensions of approximately 20–60 nm. Multi-REO NPs also exhibited more numerous and comparatively better-resolved diffraction features based on XRD and TEM-SAED analyses. Zeta-potential measurements revealed stronger electrostatic stabilization for CeO2 NPs (−25.5 mV) than for multi-REO NPs (−5.09 mV). Multi-REO NPs generally produced greater apparent cell-free assay responses than CeO2 NPs at equivalent concentrations. Multi-REO NPs exhibited estimated IC50 values of 115.3 and 88.2 µg mL−1 for DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ scavenging, respectively, compared with 71.4 and 55.5 µg mL−1 for ascorbic acid. The estimated IC50 values were 129.1 µg mL−1 for α-amylase inhibition, compared with 79.57 µg mL−1 for acarbose, and 159.6 µg mL−1 for BSA thermal-denaturation inhibition, compared with 121.5 µg mL−1 for diclofenac sodium. CeO2 NPs did not reach 50% response within the tested range for these endpoints, whereas neither nanoparticle system exhibited a monotonic concentration-dependent AChE-inhibitory response. Overall, the two compositionally distinct nanoparticle systems exhibited different physicochemical, colloidal, and assay-specific profiles, with multi-REO NPs generally showing greater cell-free responses. However, the findings do not establish rare-earth synergy, biological safety, or therapeutic efficacy, and require further mechanistic, interference-control, cytotoxicity, cellular, and in vivo evaluation.
SN - 2516-0230
ER -